Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NURS 201 > LEC 3: Primary Health Care, Population Health, and Health Promotion > Flashcards

LEC 3: Primary Health Care, Population Health, and Health Promotion Flashcards

1
Q

What is primary health care (WHO, 1978)?

A

Essential health care services made universally accessible at a sustainable cost to the community/ country

  • Delivering “basic (health) package”
  • “Basic “list” of services to provide
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 8 elements to PHC (Alma Ata)?

A
  1. Health education
  2. Nutrition
  3. Clean water and sanitation
  4. Maternal and child health care
  5. Immunization
  6. Local disease control
  7. Accessible local disease treatment
  8. Provisions of essential drugs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is primary care?

A

Direct provision of care at first contact point

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 5 philosophical “pillars”/ principles of PHC?

A
  1. Accessibility
  2. Active public participation
  3. Health promotion and chronic disease prevention and management
  4. Appropriate technology and innovation
  5. Intersectoral cooperation and collaboration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

5 Pillars of PHC: Accessibility

A

Universally available to all

- Access/ equity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

5 Pillars of PHC: Active Public Participation

A

People and communities are active partners in their health care

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

5 Pillars of PHC: Health Promotion & Chronic Disease Prevention and Management

A

Empower users to take charge of their health

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

5 Pillars of PHC: Appropriate Technology & Innovation

A

Develop knowledge, skills, technology, and ideas to facilitate health

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

5 Pillars of PHC: Intersectoral cooperation & Collaboration

A

Across all relevant sectors to improve the health of society

  • Reframe the health system
  • Have more collaboration with other disciplines
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the goal of PHC?

A

Philosophical perspective that tires to reorient health care programming to a comprehensive. (w)holistic, system-wide approach

Making a better state of health attainable for everyone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How does PHC trie to “do us out of a job”?

A
  • Moving interventions “upstream” from “downstream”
  • Preventative focus; address social issues to prevent illness
  • Maximize opportunities for health improvement
  • Minimize health harms/ risk to individuals and society
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the difference between PHC and MDGs?

A

MDGs are indicators that reflect and integrate with a PHC approach to health services

  • PHC the organizational philosophy (why)
  • MDGs the indicators to monitor (what, how)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How do legislations shape or support PHC nationally?

A

Legislation on health responsibilities and funding

  • BNA (Constitution) Act in 1867
  • The Canada Health Ac tin 1984
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How do legislations shape or support PHC in Saskatchewan?

A

Provincial legislation on health care administration

  • The Provincial Health Authority in 2017
  • The Registered Nurses Act in 1988
  • The Public Health Act in 1978
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How do legislations shape or support PHC on reserves health care?

A

Federal or local Indigenous government

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

History of the Canada Health Act

A

1947: SK the first province to implement a universal hospital service plan
1961: All provinces had universal coverage for hospital and physician services
1984: Federal government replaces pervious health acts with the Canada Health Act

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What happened in 1961?

A

Dr. Strike: Dr.’s of the province did not want to be part of medical care

  • Went on strike for 23 days
  • Nurses and nurse students did most of the work; all hand on deck
  • Biggest change, wanted more of a fee for services instead of what the Government was offering
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Canada Health Act (1984)

A

Federal legislation for publicly funded healthcare insurance that set Canadian standards for medically necessary services

  • No changes have been made to the Canada Health Act since 1984
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the 5 concepts to the Canada Health Act?

A
  1. Public Administration
  2. Comprehensiveness
  3. Universality
  4. Portability
  5. Accessibility
20
Q

Canada Health Act: Public Administration

A

Required provincial administrative body to be democratically accountable

21
Q

Canada Health Act: Comprehensiveness

A

Err on the side of inclusion in the coverage package

- Opposite of private insurers

22
Q

Canada Health Act: Universality

A

Insured residents are entitled to the same level of healthcare. There are also no opt outs

23
Q

Canada Health Act: Portability

A

Provincial coverage is portable from province to province and is also available to residents travelling abroad

24
Q

Canada Health Act: Accessibility

A

Access without financial barriers

- User fees of any type

25
Q

Universal Medical Coverage

A

Insured services = medically necessary hospital, physician, and surgical-dental services

Provincial and territorial governments have primary jurisdiction of the administration and provision of health services

26
Q

What are extended healthcare services that can include charges?

A
  • Long-term care

- Health aspects of home care and ambulatory use

27
Q

Government Roles in Healthcare: Government of Canada

A

Canada Health Transfer: Conditional on meeting Canada Health Act criteria

Regulate perspiration drugs and natural health products

Services for certain populations

28
Q

Government Roles in Healthcare: Provincial & Territorial Governments

A

Administration and provision of health services including setting priories, administering healthcare budgets, and managing resources

Provide coverage and subsidies for non-insured services

29
Q

Private Health Insurance and Medicare

A

Only private health insurance (PHI) permitted must be complementary to the basic universal package (Medicare)

PHI that provides substitutive or faster access is prohibited or discouraged provincial laws and regulations

Privatization medical care can only provide care that is not covered under the Canada Health Act; this is often not the case

30
Q

Privatization of Financing vs. Privatization of Delivery

A

In Canada the issue of privatization revolve around the financing of healthcare since the delivery is already largely private

31
Q

The Ottawa Charter (1986)

A

A new public health movement shifting from health promotion with individuals toward population health promotion
- Health for all by 2000 and beyond

32
Q

What are the 8 Prerequisites for health in the Ottawa Charter?

A
  1. Peace
  2. Shelter
  3. Education
  4. Food
  5. Stable eco-system
  6. Sustainable resources
  7. Social justice
  8. Equity
33
Q

What is the strategy for the Ottawa Charter?

A

Change in the role of health professionals from expert to using advocacy and mediation in order to enable people to gain greater control over their lives

34
Q

What are the 5 Ottawa Charter action areas?

A
  1. Build health public policy
  2. Create supportive environments
  3. Strengthen community action
  4. Develop personal skills
  5. Reorient health services
35
Q

Ottawa Charter Action Areas: Build Health Public Policy

A

Process of building policy that supports health- make health the easier choice

Health in all sectors at all levels

Legislative, regulatory, organizational and taxation changes

36
Q

Ottawa Charter Action Areas: Create Supportive Environments

A

Socio-ecological approach to health

Increase the ability of people to make health promoting choices in the environments where they work, live, learn, and play

37
Q

Ottawa Charter Action Areas: Strengthen Community Action

A

Collective actions of communities to improve their health

38
Q

Ottawa Charter Action Areas: Develop Personal Skills

A

Supporting personal and social development

Information, education, and life skills

39
Q

Ottawa Charter Action Areas: Reorient Health Services

A

Shit to supporting the needs of people in communities

Strengthen protective factors, reduce risk factors, and improve on the SDH

40
Q

Population Health

A

Looking at the health outcomes of a whole society

  • Health indicators and outcomes on a broad social scale
  • Uses SDH approach for programming approach
  • Also drawing from Lalonde Report *1974) and WHO’s ALma-Ata (1978)
41
Q

Health Promotion

A

Policy and programming approach to health services that works to advance population health

  • Reorienting services to encourage the best health possible
  • Risk management and prevention of illness and injury
  • Building on Ottawa Charter (WHO, 1986)
42
Q

What are successful health promotion programmes?

A
  • Seatbelts use and legislation on this for cars

- Tobacco/ smoking controls; especially for second hand smoke

43
Q

Harm Reduction

A

Harm reduction is about reducing risk and improving health

44
Q

What is an example of harm reduction?

A

Supervised consumption sites

  • Canadian addiction rates: 13% of population
  • 29 programs and growing (BC, AB, ON, QC)
  • To provide safe space for IV drug users to reduce risk
  • Prevent overdoses, blood-born infections, medical waste
  • Build relationships and have access to treatment
45
Q

What are the impacts of PHHP approach?

A

Personal health effects

  • Sense of control. Ownership of health, partnership with us
  • Some people may not be comfortably with this, baby steps

Social efects
- Building sense of community and worth

Economic savings to society and individuals
- Increasing evidence this is huge in scope and money

Workload issues and interdisciplinary collaboration
- Shared decision making between clients and care providers

46
Q

What can Canadian RNs do?

A

Use PHC/ Pop Health Promotion perspectives when providing care to clients and families

Advocate and educate on a personal and social level

Community involvement on social justice issues

Work in government and put the voice of nursing in policy

NURS 201 (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions