LEC 1: Concepts of Health, Local Health, and Health for All Flashcards
What is health?
- Quality of life
- Well being of individuals
- Being able too do the things you enjoy
Everything can be connected to health
How does WHO define health?
Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social wellbeing, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
What is local-global?
Local is out immediate surroundings, our community. It is what is happening within our country or society
Global is a bigger picture. It is what is happening within the world.
Local and global are interconnected. Things that happen globally can trickle down to local, or vice-versa
What is urban planning?
- Access to health planning
- Politics
- Social determinants of health
- Colonization
- Equity
Equality
Everything is the same regardless of differences in people
Equity
Given items needed to be on the same level
Liberation
Remove the “fences”
Inclusion
Everyone is on the same team
What is the “health for all” movement?
A programming goal put in place by WHO since the 1970’s and that continues today
What is the purpose of the “health for all” movement?
Seeks to advance systems, programming, and policies that create healthy people and health societies
- Health for all by 2000 for policy and programming
- Mellenium develops goals (2000-2015)
- Sustainable development gorals from this
What happen in Alma-Ata in September 1978?
WHO General Assembly met in Alma-Ata and the “Declaration of Alma-Ata”
What is the “Deceleration of Alma-Ata”?
A key document that outlines the goals for creating a healthier world
- Started the move away from biomedical focus to a broader interpretation of “health” internationally
- Called for health systems at the country level to reorganize to focus on this broader interpretation
- Alma-Ata was built on work previously done in Canada, the Lalonde Report
What is the Lalonde Report?
The first western government reports that questioned the biomedical focus in our health system and advocated for a broader approach
When was the Lalonde Report created
In 1974
What where the four elements of the “health field” in the Lalonde Report?
- Biology: physical, mental, and genetics
- Environmental: external
- Lifestyle: personal decisions
- Health care organization: system
What do the Ottawa Charter, Jakarta Deceleration, and Bangkok Charter all have in common?
Subsequent WHO meeting that advocacy for work and documents that continue to push for a broader approach to health and health care systems
- Move towards health promotion based on 30+ years of evidence; personal and social outcomes
- Still push back and reluctant
Ottawa Charter
- Created in 1986
- Supportive system
Jakarta Deceleration
- Created in 1997
- Involving the public
Bangkok Charter
- Created in 2005
- Sustainable on a human scale
Are the Ottawa Charter, Jakarta Deceleration, and Bangkok Charter still relevant?
Health and social inequalities increasingly having more impact on health than previously thought
Inequalities are more insidious than previously though and are becoming more entrenched in some countries
What are examples of inequalities that are being entrenched in some countries?
- Economic cutbacks to health, social, and public services
- Systemic exclusion and discrimination across social settings
- Access issues for health, social, and public services
What was a precursor to the SDH approach?
The Lalonde Report
What are two legislations or rights that are related to Canadian health care?
- Canada Health Act (1984)
- Constitution Act/ BNA Act (1876)
Canada Health Act (1984)
Key legislation for how our health system is founded and further impacts on how it is organized and run at the provincial level
Constitution Act/ BNA Act (1876)
Health is a provincial responsibility except for on reserve services
How do political decisions impact health care?
- Funding
- Access to health care
- Employment
- Serviced provided
These decisions impact you, your family, and your clients
Why are Canadian nurses political?
Promoting justice a core value for Canadian nurses
Nurses are the ones “at the beside” and are the ones who “run the system: in terms of patient management
We have the power to be advocates for our clients and to speak up for them/ with them
