LEC 1: Concepts of Health, Local Health, and Health for All

Question 1

What is health?

Answer 1

• Quality of life
• Well being of individuals
• Being able too do the things you enjoy

Everything can be connected to health

Question 2

How does WHO define health?

Answer 2

Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social wellbeing, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

Question 3

What is local-global?

Answer 3

Local is out immediate surroundings, our community. It is what is happening within our country or society

Global is a bigger picture. It is what is happening within the world.

Local and global are interconnected. Things that happen globally can trickle down to local, or vice-versa

Question 4

What is urban planning?

Answer 4

• Access to health planning
• Politics
• Social determinants of health
• Colonization
• Equity

Question 5

Equality

Answer 5

Everything is the same regardless of differences in people

Question 6

Equity

Answer 6

Given items needed to be on the same level

Question 7

Liberation

Answer 7

Remove the “fences”

Question 8

Inclusion

Answer 8

Everyone is on the same team

Question 9

What is the “health for all” movement?

Answer 9

A programming goal put in place by WHO since the 1970’s and that continues today

Question 10

What is the purpose of the “health for all” movement?

Answer 10

Seeks to advance systems, programming, and policies that create healthy people and health societies

• Health for all by 2000 for policy and programming
• Mellenium develops goals (2000-2015)
• Sustainable development gorals from this

Question 11

What happen in Alma-Ata in September 1978?

Answer 11

WHO General Assembly met in Alma-Ata and the “Declaration of Alma-Ata”

Question 12

What is the “Deceleration of Alma-Ata”?

Answer 12

A key document that outlines the goals for creating a healthier world

• Started the move away from biomedical focus to a broader interpretation of “health” internationally
• Called for health systems at the country level to reorganize to focus on this broader interpretation
• Alma-Ata was built on work previously done in Canada, the Lalonde Report

Question 13

What is the Lalonde Report?

Answer 13

The first western government reports that questioned the biomedical focus in our health system and advocated for a broader approach

Question 14

When was the Lalonde Report created

Answer 14

In 1974

Question 15

What where the four elements of the “health field” in the Lalonde Report?

Answer 15

1. Biology: physical, mental, and genetics
2. Environmental: external
3. Lifestyle: personal decisions
4. Health care organization: system

Question 16

What do the Ottawa Charter, Jakarta Deceleration, and Bangkok Charter all have in common?

Answer 16

Subsequent WHO meeting that advocacy for work and documents that continue to push for a broader approach to health and health care systems

• Move towards health promotion based on 30+ years of evidence; personal and social outcomes
• Still push back and reluctant

Question 17

Ottawa Charter

Answer 17

• Created in 1986

- Supportive system

Question 18

Jakarta Deceleration

Answer 18

• Created in 1997

- Involving the public

Question 19

Bangkok Charter

Answer 19

• Created in 2005

- Sustainable on a human scale

Question 20

Are the Ottawa Charter, Jakarta Deceleration, and Bangkok Charter still relevant?

Answer 20

Health and social inequalities increasingly having more impact on health than previously thought

Inequalities are more insidious than previously though and are becoming more entrenched in some countries

Question 21

What are examples of inequalities that are being entrenched in some countries?

Answer 21

• Economic cutbacks to health, social, and public services
• Systemic exclusion and discrimination across social settings
• Access issues for health, social, and public services

Question 22

What was a precursor to the SDH approach?

Answer 22

The Lalonde Report

Question 23

What are two legislations or rights that are related to Canadian health care?

Answer 23

• Canada Health Act (1984)

- Constitution Act/ BNA Act (1876)

Question 24

Canada Health Act (1984)

Answer 24

Key legislation for how our health system is founded and further impacts on how it is organized and run at the provincial level

Question 25

Constitution Act/ BNA Act (1876)

Answer 25

Health is a provincial responsibility except for on reserve services

Question 26

How do political decisions impact health care?

Answer 26

• Funding
• Access to health care
• Employment
• Serviced provided

These decisions impact you, your family, and your clients

Question 27

Why are Canadian nurses political?

Answer 27

Promoting justice a core value for Canadian nurses

Nurses are the ones “at the beside” and are the ones who “run the system: in terms of patient management

We have the power to be advocates for our clients and to speak up for them/ with them