lec 21

Question 1

when humans have their basic needs met, whats the first thing we make after?

Answer 1

alcohol LETS DO SHOTS!!!

Question 2

where was the first beer in the world brewed?

Answer 2

china around 7000 BCE

Question 3

what was that good mesopotamian beer like?

Answer 3

3500 to 3100 BCE in the Godin Tepe settlement, was super thick bc the bread hadn’t been separated out from the beer yet

Question 4

how did egypt greece and romans react to beer?

Answer 4

didn’t really like - preferred wine

Question 5

did men or women usually take care of beer brewing?

Answer 5

women, as brewing was seen as an offshoot of baking

Question 6

what is the general beer brewing process?

Answer 6

1. steep a starch in water (usually a cereal, most commonly barley)
   immersion causes grains to sprout, which generates enzymes that breakdown starch into sugar
2. ferment with yeast
3. add flavour with hops

Question 7

how easy is it to transport malting barley?

Answer 7

difficult, as germination is part of the malting process
–> barley is usually grown in-state

Question 8

what local province is reputed a shaving superior quality malting barley

Answer 8

alberta!

Question 9

what are the characteristics of a good malting barley?

Answer 9

• pure lot of an acceptable variety
• germination of 95% or higher
• prot content of 11 to 12.5%
• moisture content of 13.5% max

Question 10

in terms of the plant itself, what are hops?

Answer 10

perennial herbaceous climbing plants that send shoots in early spring and regress to rhizome for winter

flavouring comes from lupulin glands, which contain essential oils and resins

Question 11

why are hops important for beer?

Answer 11

• adds bitterness that balances sweetness of the malt
• provides floral, citrus, and herbal aromas + flvours
• has an antibiotic effect that favours brewer’s yeast over other microorganisms
• aids in ‘head retention’ ie how long the foam lasts

Question 12

what is the oldest evidence of grapes used in wine?

Answer 12

china 7000 BCE, which used grapes on top of fermented rice and honey

Question 13

what is viticulture? oenology?

Answer 13

viticulture: cultivation + harvesting of grapes

oenology: science of wine + wine making

Question 14

how does wine making work?

Answer 14

sugars in grapes are converted to ethanol and CO2 via metabolism

Question 15

where is the grape native to?

Answer 15

the mediterranean, central europe, and southwest asia

Question 16

what is the biggest internal factor for iwne making?

Answer 16

the skin, which influences colour, aroma, and flavour

Question 17

what is the biggest external factor for wine making?

Answer 17

climate

Question 18

what is the endo, meso, and exocarp of the grape?

Answer 18

peri is the skin
exo is the fruit around the skin
meso is the fruit
endo is the stuff surrounding the seeds