lec 2 Flashcards
compare/contrast monocots and dicots for the following traits:
- seed shape
- leaf shape
- roots
- flowers
- vascular bundle
- pollen grain
monocot:
- one cotyledon
- narrow leaves with parallel veins
- thin, fibrous roots
- petals in multiples of three
- scatted/random vascular bundle
- one pore/furrows
dicot:
- two cotyledons
- broad, palmate leaves w net-like veins
- one thick taproot w thinner rootlets
- four or five petal floewrs
- ringed vascular bundle
- three pores/furrows
in a growing plant, there is the distal end and proximal end. which is more mature, and which is younger?
distal is younger, proximal is more mature
how do plants grow? how do annuals vs perennials differ in these cells?
rapidly dividing cells in the apical meristem rapidly divide
perennials have terminal buds, which are meristem cells + bud scales which protect meristem from the elements
explain the following modified shoots and give an example:
- bulbs
- tubers
- rhizomes
- tendrils
- succulents
- thorns
bulbs: short, subterre stems w thick modified leaves that encircle the stem
ex. onion
tubers: subterre stems where starches are stored
ex. potatoes
rhizomes: subterre stems that grow horizontally
ex. ginger, bamboo, iris, asparagus
tendrils: long, slender stems that ‘climb’ by wrapping around things they touch
ex. grapes, vines, cucumbers, peas
succulents: thick stems adapted to store water + photosynth
ex. cacti
what is the difference between tubers and rhizomes
rhizome is a fat underground stem while tuber is a starch storage stem
what are the three main functions of leaves?
- photosynth
- collect sugars + transport them via phloem
- transport water + minerals to leaves via xylem
what is the lamina and what is the petiole?
lamina is the leaf itself, while petiole is the little stalk that connects the leaf to the stem
what is the difference between simple leaves and compound leaves?
compound leaves are made of several leaflets, attached to a rachis (central stem)
in compound leaves, there are pinate leaves and palmate leaves. what do they look like?
pinate: attached in rows
palmate: attached to one single point
what is phyllotaxy? explain the five patterns.
who can undergo phyllotaxy?
phyllotaxy is a mechanism by which plants maximize light reception by altering how their leaves are positioned
the five types are alternate, opposite, decussate, whorled, and spiral (SWADO)
NOT taxa specific - plants of the same species may position their leaves in diff spots
basic question but what are the three fundamental organs of plants?
roots, stems, leaves
all plants follow this form, even if it may not be immediately apparent
where is the apical meristem found?
distal end, in axillary buds
protected by terminal buds in perennial plants
potatoes and sweet potatoes are both considered what? how do they differ?
both considered tubers, but potatoes are shoot tubers while sweet potatoes are root tubers
where do tendrils form from?
either the shoot (from axillary buds) or leaves
what are aloe classified as?
aloe are considered leaf succulents, with thick leaves that stores water
