lec 17 Flashcards
what is an angiosperm?
a flowering plant that produces an ovary with a seed that is enclosed + protected by tissue
what do the following structures do
- receptacle:
- sepals:
- petals:
- stamen:
- pistil:
- receptacle: where flowers are attached to the general stem
- sepals: outermost whorl that protects innermost flower
- petals: meant to attract insects and pollinators (varies based on species)
- stamen: pollen (anther + filament)
- pistil: eggs (stigma, style, ovule)
following fertilization, what is the seed?
seeds are contained IN the ovary - THE SEEDS ARE NOT THE OVARY
what is foliar theory?
suggests the ovary is derived from a leaf-like structure on which ovules are born
1. starts as a leaf
2. leaf closes in on itself
3. margins close + plant exudes sticky stuff for the pollen to stick to
4. boom we got a carpel!
what is the difference between a simple and compound ovary?
simple has one carpel per fold, compound has multiple carpel per fold
carpels have many parts. what are they?
pericarp: outside protective layer that isn’t technically part of the carpel
exocarpel: outside layer of the carpel
mesocarpel: middle layer
endocarpel: inner layer
layers develop differently depending on the fruit
what were the first cultivated fruits?
dates, olives, grapes, pomegranates in africa, asia, and europe
where were figs domesticated, and when?
egypt, about 4700 years ago
where were grapes domesticated, and when?
idk but we have evidence of a greek writer talking about them 4200 years ago
where were peaches domesticated, and when?
china, about 8000 years ago
where were pears domesticated, and when?
china, about 3000 years ago
what did theophrastus write about?
greek fruit culture in his book ‘history of plants’ which incl cultivation, grafting, and other techniques
what is the temperate zone?
climate is warm in summer, cold in winter, and moderate in spring and fall
in a peach, what is the exo-, meso-, and endocarpel?
exo: the skin
meso: the fleshy fruit
endo: the pit that covers the seed
what is a key trait of the Rosaceae genus?
stone fruits w extremely tough pits
what is the difference between peaches and nectarines?
nectarines have a single gene that’s turned off that makes them fuzzless
what are the types of peach pits?
free stone: not attached to the flesh
clingy: attached to the flesh
what is the difference between a superior and inferior ovary position?
superior: ovary sits above attachment point for sepals + petals
–> fruit is just formed from the ovary
inferior: ovary sits below attachment point for sepals + petals
–> fruit is formed from ovary + accessory parts
how many carpels do apples have?
five, with two seeds per carpel (10 seeds total)
how does the exo, meso, endocarpel develop for apples? bonus: what happens to the sepals?
endocarp is the leathery bits in the core
for the mesocarp idk its like the inner half of the fruit (outer half is the floral parts)
exocarp becomes the skin so it’s kinda not really included..
bonus: sepals become the calyx
what da fuck is going on with raspberries
consists of 75-125 druplets on a receptacle, each containing a single seed
multiple carpels come from a single flower
what da fuck is going on with strawberries?
they are achenes which means they have dry fruits. what this means is that those ‘seeds’ on the outside of the strawberry aren’t actually seeds, each one is an entire ovary
how did modern strawberries come about?
F. virginiana x F. chiloensis
