learning objectives 1,2,3 for quiz #1 Flashcards
anatomy
the study of structure or internal workings. dissection/separation of parts
structural organization
atoms molecules organelles cells tissue organ organ system organism
integumentary system
involves hair skin and nails - protects deeper tissues from injury, houses cutaneous receptors, sweat and oil glands. synthesis’s vitamin D
skeletal system
bones and joints
supports and protects
provides a frame for muscles to use for movement.
store minerals and create blood cells
muscular system
skeletal muscles
maintains posture and produces movement
(locomotion) produces heat
lymphatic system
red bone marrow, thymus, lymph, thoracic duct, spleen, lymph nodes
houses white blood cells (LYMPHOCYTES)
involved in immunity
returns leaked fluids from blood vessels to the blood and disposes debris within the system
respiratory system
nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, bronchus, trachea, lungs
removes CO2 and continually supplies blood with oxygen.
Gaseous exchanges occur in the lungs
digestive system
oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum anus
break down food to be absorbed and eliminates indigestible waste
nervous system
brain, spinal cord, nerves
control system of the body
responds to internal and external changes
activates muscles and glands
endocrine system
pineal gland, pituitary gland, adrenal gland, thyroid gland, thymus, ovary, testis, pancreas
glands secrete hormones that regulate many processes like growth, metabolism, and reproduction
cardiovascular system
heart, blood vessels
the heart pumps blood
blood vessels transport it
blood carries oxygen, CO2, nutrients and waste throughout the body
urinary system
kidneys, ureter, bladder, urethra
eliminates nitrogenous wastes from the body.
regulates acid- base, electrolyte and water balance of blood
male reproductive system
prostate gland, penis, testis, scrotum, ductus deferens
main function to create off spring
sex hormones and sperm are created in the testis
which are delivered by the ductus deferens and glands
female reproductive system
mammary glands, ovary, uterus, vagina, uterine tube
ovaries produce female sex hormone and eggs
other structures serve as a fertilization site and development
an example of this is mammary glands which produce milk for the new born
anatomical position
when the body is erect, the palms of the hand face forward the thumbs point away from the body and the feet are slightly
what is the key concepts we have covered
tissue - the structure of tissue relates to its function
relating structure to function
superior
also called cranial - toward the head or upper part of the body; above
inferior
away from the head towards the lower part of the body
what two terms are alike in meaning; toward the front of the body
ventral & anterior
anterior
towards or at the front of the body
what two terms are alike in meaning; toward the back of the body
posterior & dorsal
posterior
towards or at the back of the body
medial
toward or at the midline of the body
lateral
away from the midline of the body
intermediate
between a medial and lateral position
proximal
closer to the origin of the body or point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
distal
away from the origin of the body
superficial
toward or at the surface of the body
deep
away from the body surface
what are the two principle body cavities
dorsal cavity
ventral cavity
regions of the body are
axial and appendicular
the axial region makes up which part
the main axis = head, neck, trunk
the appendicular region makes up which part
limbs and appendages attached to the bodies axis
what are the planes of the body
sagittal
transverse
frontal
sagittal plane
a vertical plane that divides the body into right and left
midsagittal plane
the sagittal plane that lies directly on the midline
the middle of your nose
parasagittal plane
a sagittal plane off set from the midline
frontal plane
also called CORONAL plane lies vertically
divides the body into anterior and posterior (front and back)
transverse plane
a horizontal plane
divides the body into inferior and superior sections (bottom and top)
oblique sections
diagonal cuts made between vertical and horizontal planes - seldom used
what are the subdivisions of the dorsal cavity
the cranial cavity - area within the skull and encloses the brain
the spinal cavity - (vertebral) encases the vertebral column and spinal cord
what are the subdivisions of the ventral cavity
the thoracic cavity - which is surrounded by the ribs and muscles in the chest cavity
the pericardial cavity which lies within the mediastinum, it encloses the heart and remaining thoracic organs (trachea, esophagus etc.)
what cavity does the thoracic cavity belong to and how is it sub divided
the thoracic cavity is a branch of the ventral cavity - which sub divides into two parts the LATERAL PLEURAL - which envelope the lungs, and the MEDIASTINUM
what is the inferior division of the ventral cavity called
abdominopelvic cavity, which is separated from the thoracic cavity by the diaphragm
what are the two subdivisions of the abdominopelvic cavity
abdominal - contains the spleen, stomach, liver, intestines
pelvic - (inferior) contains the urinary bladder, the rectum and some reproductive organs
what are the membranes associated with the ventral body cavity
serosa
parietal serosa
serous fluid
visceral serosa
serosa membrane
associated with the ventral body cavity
thin outer covering of organs
parietal serosa
associated with the ventral body cavity
double layer membrane made up of two parts which line the cavity walls
serous fluid
associated with the ventral body cavity
a thick layer of fluid which separates the serous membranes
visceral serosa
associated with the ventral body cavity
covers organs in the cavity
anatomy
how things are built
levels of structural organization
atoms - O C H N
molecules - H2O proteins lipids carbs nucultides
organelles - mitochondria nucleus ribosomes Golgi apparatus cell wall
cells -
tissues - connective, muscular, epithelium, nervous
organ - lungs, stomach etc.
organ system - 11 major