chaper 1-5 Flashcards
a) Anatomy
Anatomy: the study of the structure of the body
b) Physiology
Physiology: the study of the function of the body parts
c) Pathology
Pathology: the study of the disease of the body
Superior (cephalic)
uppermost or above
Inferior (caudal)
lowermost or below
- Lateral
toward the side or away from the midline of the body
Medial
nearest the midline of the body
Proximal
nearest the point of attachment or origin
Distal
away from the point of attachment or origin
Anterior (ventral)
toward the front
. Posterior (dorsal)
toward the back
Sagittal
any plane parallel to the midsagittal or median plane vertically dividing the body into unequal left and right portions
Midsagittal
Midsagittal plane vertically dividing the body into equal right and left portions
Frontal (coronal)
Frontal plane dividing anterior and posterior portions of the body at right angles to the sagittal plane
Transverse (Horizontal)
Transverse plane dividing the body into superior and inferior portions
- Ventral cavity
Ventral the belly side
o Thoracic cavity
Thoracic cavity first subdivision of the ventral cavity that is surrounded by the rib cage and contains the heart and lung
o Pericardial cavity
Pericardial cavity space between the epicardium of the heart and the inner layer of the pericardial sac
o Pleural cavity
Pleural cavity small space between the pleural membranes
o Abdominal cavity
The cavity within the abdomen, the space between the abdominal wall and the spine.
The abdominal cavity is hardly an empty space. It contains a number of crucial organs including the lower part of the esophagus, the stomach, small intestine, colon, rectum, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, kidneys, and bladder.
o Pelvic cavity
2
Abdomino-pelvic cavity
Abdominopelvic cavity second subdivision of the ventral cavity that contains the kidneys, stomach, liver and gallbladder, small and large intestines, spleen, pancreas, and the ovaries and uterus (in women)
o Cranial cavity
Cranial cavity: cavity containing the brain
o Spinal cavity
Spinal cavity cavity containing the spinal cord
dorsal
Dorsal toward the back
- Diaphragm
Diaphragm the muscle that separates the thoracic from the abdominal cavity used in breathing
- Mediastinum
Mediastinum the space between the lungs
Cardiovascular system
Cardiovascular system body system consisting of the heart and vessels that pump and distribute blood to and from all cells
Lymphatic system
Lymphatic system consists of the lymph nodes, thymus gland, spleen, and the lymphatic vessels
Respiratory system
Respiratory system consists of nasal cavities, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs
Digestive system
Digestive system consists of the alimentary canal with its associated gland
Endocrine
Endocrine system consists of the endocrine gland
Skeletal system
Skeletal system composed of bones, cartilage, and the membranous structures associated with bones
Muscular system
Muscular system consists of muscles, fasciae, tendon sheaths, and bursae