leangauge 5 Flashcards
urban
of or in a city or town:
kentsel, şehir, şehirli
urban development
sift
to make a close examination of all the parts of something in order to find something or to separate what is useful from what is not:
elemek
The police are sifting the evidence very carefully to try and find the guilty person.
evaluate
to judge or calculate the quality, importance, amount, or value of something:
değerlendirmek
It’s impossible to evaluate these results without knowing more about the research methods employed.
skim
to move quickly just above a surface without touching it:
sıyırmak, sektirmek,
The birds skimmed (across/along/over) the tops of the waves
explicit
clear and exact:
açık, belirgin, belli
She was very explicit about (= said very clearly and exactly) what she thought was wrong with the plans.
summarize
to express the most important facts or ideas about something or someone in a short and clear form:
özetlemek
I’ll just summarize the main points of the argument in a few words.
irrigation
the practice of supplying land with water so that crops and plants will grow:
sulama
Dirty irrigation water can spread animal pathogens to fruits and vegetables.
cultivate
to prepare land and grow crops on it, or to grow a particular crop:
yetiştirmek
Most of the land there is too poor to cultivate.
infrastructure
the basic systems and services, such as transport and power supplies, that a country or organization uses in order to work effectively:
altyapı
The war has badly damaged the country’s infrastructure.
migrate
When an animal migrates, it travels to a different place, usually when the season changes:
göç
These animals migrate annually in search of food.
cruise,
a journey on a large ship for pleasure, during which you visit several places:
turistik gemi yolculuğu, seyr etmek
He and his wife went on a cruise to the Bahamas.
dough
flour mixed with water and often yeast, fat, or sugar, so that it is ready for baking:
hamur
She kneaded the dough and left it to rise.
knead
to press something, especially a mixture for making bread, firmly and repeatedly with the hands and fingers:
yoğurmak
Knead the dough until smooth.
ballot
a system or occasion of secret voting:
oy pusulası
Everyone casts his or her ballot (= votes) in secret.
descend
to go or come down:
inmek, aşağı yuvarlanmak, alçalmak
The path descended steeply into the valley.
elapse
If time elapses, it goes past:
geçmek, akıp gitmek
Four years had elapsed since he left college and still he hadn’t found a job.
revenue
the income that a government or company receives regularly:
hasılat
Taxes provide most of the government’s revenue.
array
a large group of things or people, especially one that is attractive or causes admiration or has been positioned in a particular way:
sıralamak, sıraya dizmek,
There was a splendid array of food on the table.
concise
short and clear, expressing what needs to be said without unnecessary words:
özlü, kısa,
Make your answers clear and concise.
dye
to change the colour of something using a special liquid:
boya, boyama, saç boyası
For a change, why not dye your T-shirts?
wool
the soft, thick hair that grows on the bodies of sheep and some other animals:
yün
Australia is one of the world’s main producers of wool.
weaver
a person whose job is weaving cloth and other materials (= making them by crossing threads over and under each other):
dokumacı
Maria was the granddaughter of a silk weaver and the daughter of a carpet weaver.
rug
a piece of thick heavy cloth smaller than a carpet, used for covering the floor or for decoration:
halı, kilim, seccade
My dog loves lying on the rug in front of the fire.
powder
a loose, dry substance that consists of extremely small pieces, usually made by breaking something up and crushing it:
pudra, barut,
A packet of white powder was found and police scientists are analysing it.
scent
a pleasant natural smell:
koku
the scent of roses
carve
to make something by cutting into especially wood or stone, or to cut into the surface of stone, wood, etc.:
oymak
He carved her name on a tree.
stamp
a small piece of paper with a picture or pattern on it that is stuck onto a letter or package before it is posted, to show that the cost of sending it has been paid:
damga vurmak, kaşe,
I stuck a 50p stamp on the envelope.
probe
to try to discover information that other people do not want you to know, by asking questions carefully and not directly:
incelemek, bulmak
The interviewer probed deep into her private life.
wobble
to (cause something to) shake or move from side to side in a way that shows poor balance:
sallanmak, yalpalamak,
Don’t wobble the table, please, you little bastard
withstand
to be strong enough, or not be changed by something, or to oppose a person or thing successfully:
dayanmak, karşı koymak, direnmek
a bridge designed to withstand earthquakes
conjunction
a word such as ‘and’, ‘but’, ‘while’, or ‘although’ that connects words, phrases, and clauses in a sentence,
the situation in which events or conditions combine or happen together:
bağlaç, birleşme
in conjunction with the decline in air temperature with increasing elevation
distribute
to give something out to several people, or to spread or supply something:
dağıtmak, yaymak, paylaştırmak
The books will be distributed free to local schools.
premise
an idea or theory on which a statement or action is based:
Öncül
They had started with the premise that all men are created equal.
suffice
to be enough:
kafi olmak , yeterli
I’m taking $400 - I think that should suffice.
immerse
to put something or someone completely under the surface of a liquid:
batırmak
The shells should be immersed in boiling water for two minutes.
solely
only and not involving anyone or anything else:
sadece
The product’s success cannot be attributable solely to the ads.
attend
to go to an event, place, etc.:
katılmak
The meeting is on the fifth and we’re hoping everyone will attend.
precise
exact and accurate:
kesin, tam, kusursuz
He caught me at the precise moment that I fainted.
faint
not strong or clear; slight:
bayılmak, zayıf düşmek, zayıf
I have a faint suspicion that you may be right!
comprehension
the ability to understand completely and be familiar with a situation, facts, etc.:
anlama, kavrama, anlayış
He has no comprehension of the size of the problem.
connotate
a word sometimes used to mean connote :
çağrışım yapmak, yan anlam
Doesn’t “stable” connotate a feeling of security?
peculiar
unusual and strange, sometimes in an unpleasant way:
tuhaf, özel, has
It’s peculiar that they didn’t tell us they were going away.
accomplish
to finish something successfully or to achieve something:
başarmak, yapmak, yerine getirmek
The students accomplished the task in less than ten minutes.
negligible
too slight or small in amount to be of importance:
ihmal edilebilir, önemsiz
The difference between the two products is negligible.
evitable
able to be avoided or prevented:
önlenebilir
Rick Grimes believes that world war is evitable.
groundbreaking
If something is groundbreaking, it is very new and a big change from other things of its type:
çığır açan
His latest movie is interesting, but not groundbreaking.
boundary
a real or imagined line that marks the edge or limit of something:
sınır, hudut, limit
The Ural mountains mark the boundary between Europe and Asia.
reinforce
to make something stronger:
güçlendirmek, pekiştirmek, sağlamlaştırmak
The pockets on my jeans are reinforced with double stitching.
stitch
a piece of thread sewn in cloth, or the single movement of a needle and thread into and out of the cloth that produces this:
dikiş
Secure the two pieces together with a couple of stitches.
epitomize
to be a perfect example of a quality or type of thing:
örneği olmak
With little equipment and unsuitable footwear, she epitomizes the inexperienced and unprepared mountain walker.
transcend
to go further, rise above, or be more important or better than something, especially a limit:
aşmak, üstün olmak
The best films are those which transcend national or cultural barriers.
revere
to very much respect and admire someone or something:
kutsamak, büyük saygı duymak
Nelson Mandela is revered for his brave fight against apartheid.
obscure
not known to many people:
belirsiz, bilinmeyen
an obscure island in the Pacific
precarious
in a dangerous state because of not being safe or not being held in place firmly:
istikrarsız,tehlikeli
The lorry was lodged in a very precarious way, with its front wheels hanging over the cliff.
lodge
to make an official complaint about something:
kulübe, resmi duyuru
The US lodged a formal protest against the arrest of the foreign reporters.
fleeting
short or quick:
kısa süren
This is just a fleeting visit.
vivid
Vivid descriptions, memories, etc. produce very clear, powerful, and detailed images in the mind:
canlı, parlak, hayat dolu
He’s one of those people with a very vivid imagination - every time he hears a noise he’s convinced it’s someone breaking in.
indicator
something that shows what a situation is like:
gösterge, indikatör, işaret
Commodity prices can be a useful indicator of inflation, he claimed.
demonstrate
to show or make something clear:
göstermek, kanıtlamak, ispatlamak
These numbers clearly demonstrate the size of the economic problem facing the country.
cultivate
to prepare land and grow crops on it, or to grow a particular crop:
yetiştirmek
Most of the land there is too poor to cultivate.
prairie
a wide area of flat land without trees in Canada and the northern US
yeşillik düzlük
yeşillik düzlükv
irrigate
to supply land with water so that crops and plants will grow:
sulamak
irrigated land/fields
blossom
When a tree or plant blossoms, it produces flowers before producing fruit that can be eaten:
The cherry tree is beginning to blossom.
singularity
the quality of being strange:
tekillik
He has been behaving with great singularity.
gloom
feelings of great unhappiness and loss of hope:
kasvet, hüzün, sıkıntı
Bergman’s films are often full of gloom and despair.
lank
Lank hair is not attractive because it is completely straight and thin:
uzun ve sıska
His hair was lank and greasy and looked like it hadn’t been washed for a month.
illustrate
to draw pictures for a book, magazine, etc.:
gözünde canlandırmak
a beautifully illustrated book/old manuscript
cognitive
connected with thinking or conscious mental processes:
bilişsel
cognitive psychology
emphasize
to show that something is very important or worth giving attention to:
vurgulamak
I’d just like to emphasize how important it is for people to learn foreign languages.
consensus
a generally accepted opinion or decision among a group of people:
uzlaşma
The general consensus in the office is that he can’t do his job.
assert
to say that something is certainly true: , ,
to behave in a way that expresses your confidence, importance, or power and earns you respect from others:
savunmak, söylemek, ileri sürmek
He asserts that she stole money from him. ,,
I really must assert myself more in meetings.
imply
to communicate an idea or feeling without saying it directly:
ima etmek
I’m not implying anything about your cooking, but could we eat out tonight?
weep
to cry tears:
ağlamak, göz yaşı dökmek
People in the street wept with joy when peace was announced.
bank
sloping raised land, especially along the sides of a river:
sahil, kıyı , banka
the banks of streams are kept forested to protect water quality,
stream
water that flows naturally along a fixed route formed by a channel cut into rock or ground, usually at ground level:
akarsu
There’s a bubbling stream that flows through their property.
refine
to make something pure or improve something, especially by removing unwanted material:
arıtmak, inceltmek, düzeltmek
Crude oil is industrially refined to purify it and separate out the different elements, such as benzene.
compel
to force someone to do something:
zorlamak
As a schoolboy he was compelled to wear shorts even in winter.
regardless
despite; not being affected by something:
ne olursa olsun, her şeye rağmen
She knew it was dangerous to visit him except at night, but she set out regardless (of the risk).
plausible
seeming likely to be true, or able to be believed:
mantıklı, makul
a plausible explanation/excuse
loan
an amount of money that is borrowed, often from a bank, and has to be paid back, usually together with an extra amount of money that you have to pay as a charge for borrowing:
borç, ödünç verme, borçlanma
She’s trying to get a $50,000 loan to start her own business.
bubble
a ball of gas that appears in a liquid, or a ball formed of air surrounded by liquid that floats in the air:,,
a temporary period of very successful economic performance in a particular country or sector, often followed by sudden failure:
kabarcık, baloncuk,
As water begins to boil, bubbles rise to the surface.,,
Japan’s economic bubble
overstate
to describe or explain something in a way that makes it seem more important or serious than it really is:
abartmak
The impact of the new legislation has been greatly overstated.
legislate
If a government legislates, it makes a new law:
yasa koymak
The impact of the new legislation has been greatly overstated.
neglect
to not give enough care or attention to people or things that are your responsibility:
ihmal etmek
He neglects that poor dog - he never takes him for walks or gives him any attention.
preliminary
coming before a more important action or event, especially introducing or preparing for it:
ön hazırlık
Preliminary results show that the vaccine is effective, but this has to be confirmed by further medical trials.
credible
able to be believed or trusted:
güvenilir
The story of what had happened to her was barely (= almost not) credible.
deplete
to reduce something in size or amount, especially supplies of energy, money, etc.:
tüketmek
If we continue to deplete the earth’s natural resources, we will cause serious damage to the environment.
sustain
to cause or allow something to continue for a period of time:
sürdürmek, devam ettirmek,
The economy looks set to sustain its growth into next year.
constraint
something that controls what you do by keeping you within particular limits:
kısıtlama
Financial constraints on the company are preventing them from employing new staff.
spark
a very small piece of fire that flies out from something that is burning, or one that is made by rubbing two hard things together, or a flash of light made by electricity:
kıvılcım, teşvik etmek
Sparks were flying out of the bonfire and blowing everywhere.
superficial
(of a person) never thinking about things that are serious or important:
yüzeysel, üstünkörü,
He’s fun to be with, but he’s very superficial.
deplete
to reduce something in size or amount, especially supplies of energy, money, etc.:
tüketmek, boşaltmak,
If we continue to deplete the earth’s natural resources, we will cause serious damage to the environment.
discard
to throw something away or get rid of it because you no longer want or need it:
atmak, kurtulmak, ayırmak,
Discarded food containers and bottles littered the streets.
emphasize
to show that something is very important or worth giving attention to:
vurgu, vurgulamak, üzerinde durmak,
I’d just like to emphasize how important it is for people to learn foreign languages.
wool
the soft, thick hair that grows on the bodies of sheep and some other animals:
yün
Australia is one of the world’s main producers of wool.
stress
Stres , the way that a word or syllable is pronounced with greater force than other words in the same sentence or other syllables in the same word:
vurgulamak, baskı yapmak
When “insert” is a verb, the stress is on the second syllable, but when it is a noun, the stress is on the first syllable.
syllable
a single unit of speech, either a whole word or one of the parts into which a word can be separated, usually containing a vowel
hece, nota, seslem
When “insert” is a verb, the stress is on the second syllable, but when it is a noun, the stress is on the first syllable.
vowel
a speech sound produced by humans when the breath flows out through the mouth without being blocked by the teeth, tongue, or lips:
ünlü, sesli harf
A short vowel is a short sound as in the word “cup”. ,,,,,
A long vowel is a long sound as in the word “shoe”.
suffice
to be enough:
yeterli
I’m taking $400 - I think that should suffice.
overall
in general rather than in particular, or including all the people or things in a particular group or situation:
tüm, tam, etraflı ,,, önlük, göğüslük
The overall situation is good, despite a few minor problems.
