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Lower Extremity Anatomy > LEA Posterior Leg 2 > Flashcards

LEA Posterior Leg 2 Flashcards

1
Q

deep transverse inter muscular septum of the leg separates

A

deep and superficial

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2
Q

popliteus muscles is partially

A

intracapsular and extracapsular

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3
Q

the popliteus is covered by

A

fascia derived from semimembranous

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4
Q

origin of the popliteus

A

lateral femoral condyle (popliteal groove) and posterior aspect of lateral meniscus

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5
Q

insertion of the popliteus

A

posterior aspect of the proximal tibia,

superior to soleal line

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6
Q

innervation of the popliteus muscle

A

tibial nerve

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7
Q

blood supply of the popliteus

A

posterior tibial and medial inferior genicular

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8
Q

function of the popliteus

A

unlocks the knee by lateral rotating femur

OR medial rotating the tibia on femur

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9
Q

the most lateral muscle in the deep posterior compartment

A

flexor hallucis longus

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10
Q

origin of the flexor hallucis longus

A
  • inferior 2/3 of posterior fibula
  • intermuscular septum
  • deep fascia
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11
Q

insertion flexor hallucis longus

A

plantar aspect of base of distal phalanx of hallux

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12
Q

innervation of the flexor hallucis longus

A

tibial nerve

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13
Q

path of the flexor halluci longus

A
  1. Passes through groove on posterior tibia and talus.
  2. Passes inferior to sustentaculum tali, through the flexor retinaculum
  3. Passes between the fibular and tibial sesamoids
  4. insert on the plantar aspect of the base of distal phalanx of the hallux
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14
Q

blood supply of the flexor hallucis longus

A

posterior tibial and fibular arteries

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15
Q

function of the flexor hallucis longus

A
  1. flex (plantar flex) hallux at interphalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joint.
  2. can help plantarflex and invert foot
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16
Q

the flexor hallucis longus is important in

A

push off during gait.

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17
Q

what is the most medial muscle of the deep compartment

A

flexor digitorum longus

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18
Q

where is the flexor digitorum longus tendon palpable

A

around the medial malleolus

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19
Q

the origin of the flexor digitorum longus

A

posterior tibia,

inferior to soleal line

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20
Q

the insertion of the flexor digitorum longus

A

plantar aspect of the bases of distal phalanges, digits 2-5

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21
Q

the path of the flexor digitorum longus

A
  • Through tibial groove
  • Medial to sustentaculum tali, through the flexor retinaculum
  • Passes to plantar foot where it splits into 4 slips at the area of cuneiforms
  • Slips pass along plantar surface of lesser metatarsals and phalanges to insertion.
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22
Q

the innervation of the Flexor digitorum longus

A

tibial nerve

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23
Q

blood supply of the Flexor digitorum longus

A

posterior tibial artery

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24
Q

function of the Flexor digitorum longus

A

flex(plantarflex) digits, distal and proximal interphalangeal joints, and MTPs; help with ankle plantarflexion

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25
Q

FDL tendon crosses __ to the FHL tendon in the sole of the foot

A

superficial

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26
Q

master knot of henry

A

connective tissue connection between the FHL and FDL

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27
Q

in the master knot of henry, which muscle tendon is dorsal (superior) and which is plantar (inferior)

A

FHL- dorsal

FDL- plantar

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28
Q

the master knot of henry is inferior to

A

the navicular tuberosity

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29
Q

deepest muscle of the deep posterior compartment

A

Tibialis Posterior

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30
Q

where is Tibialis Posterior tendon palpable

A

medial malleolus

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31
Q

origin of the Tibialis Posterior

A
  • posterior tibia inferior to soleal line
  • posterior aspect of fibula, anterior to medial crest
  • interosseous membrane
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32
Q

insertion of tibialis posterior

A
  • navicular tuberosity
  • plantar aspect of all cuneiforms
  • base of metatarsals 2-4
  • (Can also insert into plantar aspect of cuboid and 1st,5th metatarsal bases (all tarsals except for talus))
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33
Q

path of the tibialis posterior

A
  • Posterior to tibia in a groove with FDL
  • inferior to medial malleolus, through the flexor retinaculum
  • Passes superior to sustentaculum tali
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34
Q

innervation of the tibialis posterior

A

tibial nerve

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35
Q

blood supply of the tibialis posterior

A

posterior tibial and fibular arteries

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36
Q

function of the tibialis posterior

A

inverts and adducts the foot (supinate subtalar and midtarsal joints)

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37
Q

all proximal sheaths will pass within the

A

flexor retinaculum

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38
Q

the porta pedis is a canal formed by the

A

abductor hallucis muscle and calcaneus

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39
Q

the porta pedis is a passageway for

A

the medial and lateral plantar arteries, veins, nerves to and from the medial ankle

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40
Q

the porta pedis is a potential site of

A

entrapment

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41
Q

posterior leg muscles medial to lateral

A

FDL, TP, FHL

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42
Q

posterior to medial malleolus in tarsal tunnel (medial to lateral)

A

TP, FDL, FHL

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43
Q

Distal to master knot of henry

A

TP, FHL, FDL (medial to lateral)

44
Q

Flexor Digitorum Accessorius Longus

A

accessory muscle found 3-12% of the time

45
Q

FDAL (if present) is a constant of the

A

tarsal tunnel

46
Q

origin of the FDAL

A

is variable, tibia or fibula, crural fascia, proximal FDL

47
Q

insertion of FDAL

A
  • FDL tendon around master knot of henry

- quadratus plantae

48
Q

blood and nerve supply of the FDAL

A

same as all posterior compartment muscles

49
Q

crowds the tarsal tunnel and can cause tarsal tunnel syndrome and FHL tenosynovitis

A

the flexor digitorum accessories longus

50
Q

the flexor retinaculum (laminate ligament)

A

thickening of crural fascia

51
Q

the flexor retinaculum attaches

A

to distal and posterior medial malleolus and medial calcaneus

52
Q

the flex retinaculum tendons pass through the retinaculum in separate compartments surrounded by

A

their synovial sheaths

53
Q

the flexor retinaculum anchors

A

flexor tendons

54
Q

tarsal tunnel is found

A
  • posteromedial ankle,

- from proximal flexor retinaculum to porta pedis

55
Q

the tarsal tunnel is a passageway between

A

posterior leg and plantar foot

56
Q

septae of the tarsal tunnel divide into 4 compartments for

A

1 for neuromuscular bundle, 3 for tendons

57
Q

tendons in the tarsal tunnel are surrounded by

A

synovial sheaths through compartments

58
Q

boundaries of the tarsal tunnel

A

Medial: flexor retinaculum (laciniate ligament) and abductor hallucis
Lateral: calcaneus, posterior talotibial and calcaneotibial ligaments

59
Q

content of the tarsal tunnel (anterior to posterior OR Medial to Lateral)

A
  • Tibialis posterior tendon
  • Flexor digitorum tendon
  • Posterior tibial artery and vein
  • Tibial nerve
  • Flexor hallucis longus tendon (inferior to sustentaculum tali)
60
Q

what vessels can arise in the tarsal tunnel and even pierce the flexor retinaculum

A

medial calcaneal nerves and arteries

61
Q

the tibial nerve can branch into

A

medial and plantar nerves (sometimes in the tarsal tunnel )

62
Q

posterior tibial artery terminal branches

A

medial/lateral plantar arteries (sometimes branches in the tarsal tunnel)

63
Q

tibial nerve root levels

64
Q

tibial nerve passes deep to

A

tendinous arch of soleus

65
Q

the tibial nerve innervates

A

all posterior compartment muscles

66
Q

the tibial nerve gives off

A
  • medial sural cutaneus
  • muscular branches
  • medial calcaneal branches
  • terminal branches: medial and lateral plantar
67
Q

sural nerve is formed by

A

fibular communicating nerve (branch of common fibular) and the medial sural cutaneous (branch of tibial) nerve joining

68
Q

terminal branches of tibial nerve

A

medial and lateral plantar nerves

69
Q

which nerve pierces the flexor retinaculum to supply skin in the medial calcaneal region?

A

medial calcaneal branches of tibial nerve

70
Q

popliteal artery is a continuation of

A

femoral, deep in popliteal fossa

71
Q

popliteal pulse is difficult to feel but is easier to feel where

A

easier more superior and medial to midline

72
Q

the artery that supplies the knee joint and surrounding musculature

73
Q

popliteal artery passes

A

into the posterior compartment of the leg, deep through fibrous arch of soleus

74
Q

branches of popliteal artery

A
  • superior lateral genicular
  • superior medial genicular
  • sural arteries
  • middle genicular
  • inferior lateral genicular
  • inferior medial genicular
  • anterior tibial artery
  • posterior tibial artery
75
Q

superior lateral genicular

A

passes deep to biceps femoris

76
Q

superior medial genicular

A

Passes deep to medial hamstring muscles/adductor magnus above medial femoral condyle

77
Q

sural arteries

A

Muscular branches to gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris

78
Q

middle genicular

A

Branch of Popliteal artery
Pierces oblique popliteal ligament
Supplies internal knee structures

79
Q

inferior lateral genicular

A
  • Passes deep to gastrocnemius/plantaris,
  • superficial to popliteus
  • Passes around lateral tibial condyle
80
Q

inferior medial genicular

A

Follows along superior border of popliteus toward medial tibial condyle

81
Q

terminal branches of popliteal artery

A

anterior and posterior tibial

82
Q

branches of anterior tibial artery

A
  • posterior tibial recurrent

- anterior tibial recurrent

83
Q

branches of posterior tibial artery

A
  • circumflex artery

- fibular artery

84
Q

how does the anterior tibial enter the anterior compartment if it is a branch of popliteal in the posterior compartment

A

passes through the superior opening of the interosseous membrane

85
Q

posterior tibial recurrent artery

A
  • Branches off anterior tibial artery before entering the anterior compartment
  • passes deep to popliteus to join with genicular anastomosis
86
Q

anterior tibial recurrent

A
  • Branches right after passing through superior opening in the interosseous membrane
  • Passes superiorly to anastomose with inferior genicular arteries
87
Q

posterior tibial artery is in which compartment

A

deep posterior

88
Q

circumflex fibular artery

A

wraps around neck of fibula,

joins with inf. genicular arteries

89
Q

fibular artery

A

descends posterior to fibula

90
Q

anterior tibial and posterior tibial vein drain into

91
Q

popliteal vein drains into

A

femoral vein

92
Q

posterior tibial artery is between

A

FHL and FDL, superficial to TP

93
Q

posterior tibial artery is superficial to

A

Tibialis Posterior (in deep compartment)

94
Q

posterior tibial artery passes __ to medial malleolus

95
Q

posterior tibial pulse

A

between medial malleolus and achilles tendon

96
Q

the posterior tibial artery divides into terminal branches

A

posterior to medial malleolus (tarsal tunnel)

97
Q

posterior tibial artery branches

A
  • circumflex fibular (sometimes)
  • muscular branches
  • nutrient artery of tibia (inferior to soleal line)
  • fibular artery
  • posterior medial malleola
  • artery to tarsal canal
  • medial plantar artery
  • lateral plantar artery
98
Q

terminal branches of posterior tibial artery

A

medial and lateral plantar

99
Q

fibular (peroneal) artery descends between which muscles

A

flexor hall longus and tibialis posterior

100
Q

the fibular (peroneal)artery is __ to lateral malleolus

101
Q

branches of fibular artery

A
  1. muscular branches
  2. nutrient artery of fibula
  3. perforating branch of fibular
  4. fibular communicating artery
  5. posterior lateral malleolar arteries
  6. lateral calcaneal arteries
102
Q

Fibular communicating artery

A

Joins with posterior tibial (posterior, very inferior leg)

103
Q

perforating branch of fibular artery passes through

A

inferior opening in the interosseous membrane ~ 5 cm superior to lateral malleolus

104
Q

nutrient artery of fibula

A

around mid shaft

105
Q

Perforating branch of fibular (peroneal) artery enters

A

anterior ankle region

Lower Extremity Anatomy (16 decks)

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