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Lower Extremity Anatomy > LEA Plantar Foot Part 1 > Flashcards

LEA Plantar Foot Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

1st ray

A

medial cuneiform and 1st metatarsal

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2
Q

2nd ray

A

intermediate cuneiform and 2nd metatarsal

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3
Q

3rd ray

A

lateral cuneiform and 3rd metatarsal

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4
Q

4th ray

A

4th metatarsal

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5
Q

5th ray

A

5th metatarsal

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6
Q

Plantar Aspect of the foot

A
  • thick skin

- thick layer of subcutaneous fat

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7
Q

there is a thick layer of subcutaneous at especially where

A

the MTP joints and calcaneus

supported by septa

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8
Q

the central band

A

Thickest, toughest part of fascia

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9
Q

Proximal attachment of central band

A

Posterior calcaneal tuberosity

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10
Q

distal attachment of the central band

A

-Divides into 5 bands near the metatarsal bases (one for each metatarsal)

at the met heads, divide into superficial and deep layers

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11
Q

superficial layer of central band attaches

A

to dermis of skin

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12
Q

longitudinal fibers of the superficial central band

A

attach to skin in the sulcus between toes and metatarsals

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13
Q

transverse fibers of the superficial central band

A

connect the digital bands together at the level of the MTP joints

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14
Q

Forms superficial transverse metatarsal ligament

A

Superficial layer of central band

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15
Q

Deep layer of central band splits into

A

medial and lateral slips that attach to bone and blend with the flexor sheaths

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16
Q

the deep layer of the central band divides into medial and lateral slips that attach to

A
  • Medial and lateral base of proximal phalanges of corresponding digit
  • (The 1st medial slip attaches to the sesamoid bones at the 1st MTP joint )
  • Plantar MTP joint ligaments, plantar plate
  • Deep transverse metatarsal ligament
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17
Q

Plantar aponeurosis is important in

A

the windlass mechanism

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18
Q

Windlass Mechanism: (1)

A

The plantar fascia simulates a cable attached to the calcaneus and the metatarsophalangeal joints

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19
Q

Windlass Mechanism 2: Dorsiflexion during the propulsive phase of gait

A

winds the plantar fascia around the head of the metatarsal.

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20
Q

Windlass Mechanism 3: The winding of the plantar fascia

A

shortens the distance between the calcaneus and metatarsals to elevate the medial longitudinal arch.

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21
Q

Windlass Mechanism 4: The ___ is the essence of the windlass mechanism principle.

A

plantar fascia shortening that results from hallux dorsiflexion

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22
Q

Plantar fasciitis:

A

inflammation of the central band at its attachment to medial process of calcaneal tuberosity

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23
Q

Layer 1

A
  • Abductor hallucis
  • Flexor digitorum brevis
  • Abductor digiti minimi
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24
Q

Layer 2

A
  • Quadratus plantae (flexor accessories)
  • Lumbricals (4 of them)
  • Flexor digitorum longus tendon
  • Flexor hallucis longus tendon
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25
Q

Layer 3

A

-Adductor hallucis
(Transverse and oblique heads)
-Flexor hallucis brevis
-Flexor digiti minimi brevis

26
Q

Layer 4

A
  • Plantar interossei (3 of them)
  • Dorsal interossei (4 of them)
  • Tibialis posterior tendon
  • Fibularis longus tendon
27
Q

The muscles of ___ are located in the forefoot

A

layers 3 and 4

28
Q

The lateral plantar artery/vein/nerve pass between

A

layers 1 and 2.

29
Q

The medial plantar artery/vein/nerve pass within

A

layer 1, between abductor hallucis and flexor digitorum brevis. (deep to abductor hallucis)
[Some also say between layers 1 and 2]

30
Q

The arteries are located ___ of the nerves.

A

outside

31
Q

Lateral plantar artery is lateral to the

A

lateral plantar nerve

32
Q

Medial plantar artery is medial to the

A

medial plantar nerve.

33
Q

_ plantar compartments

A

9

34
Q

medial muscular compartment is formed by

A

plantar aponeurosis,
medial intermuscular septum,
1st metatarsal

35
Q

Lateral Muscular Compartment formed by

A

plantar aponeurosis,
lateral intermuscular septum,
5th metatarsal

36
Q

Central Muscular compartment formed by

A

both intermuscular septa,
plantar aponeurosis,
and
inferior interosseous fascia

37
Q

medial muscular compartment contains

A

abductor hallucis
flexor hallucis brevis,
FHL tendon,
medial plantar nerve/artery

38
Q

lateral muscular compartment contains

A

abductor digiti minimi,
flexor digiti minimi,
lateral plantar nerve/artery

39
Q

Subdivisions of central compartment are separated by

A

fascial layers

40
Q

Superficial central compartment

A

FDB
lumbricals,
tendon of FDL

41
Q

Deep central (adductor) compartment

A

found in the forefoot;

Adductor hallucis

42
Q

Calcaneal (deep hindfoot) compartment

A

QP muscle,

lateral plantar nerve and artery

43
Q

4 Interosseous compartments

A

dorsal and plantar interossei (4 separate compartments)

44
Q

Dorsal compartment:

A

extensor muscles tendons

45
Q

Medial intermuscular septum attaches from

A

calcaneus to 1st met head

46
Q

Lateral intermuscular septum attaches from head

A

calcaneus to the 5th met

47
Q

first layer has __ muscles

A

3, Abductor Hallucis
Flexor digitorum brevis
abductor digiti minimi (quinti)

48
Q

Abductor hallucis-Visible/ palpable

A
  • on medial side of foot

- Forms boundary for porta pedis

49
Q

Abductor hallucis origin

A

medial tubercle of calcaneal tuberosity,
flexor retinaculum,
plantar fascia and intermuscular septum

50
Q

Abductor hallucis insertion

A

medial tubercle base of proximal phalanx of hallux,

medial sesamoid

51
Q

Abductor hallucis blood and nerve supply

A

medial plantar artery and nerve

52
Q

Abductor hallucis function

A

abducts hallux, also flexes (plantarflexes) hallux

53
Q

Flexor digitorum brevis origin

A

medial tubercle of calcaneal tuberosity,
plantar aponeurosis,
intermuscular septum

54
Q

Flexor digitorum brevis insertion

A

planter aspect of the bases of middle phalanges 2-5

  • Tendons are plantar to the FDL tendons
  • Split to allow them to pass
55
Q

Flexor digitorum brevis blood and nerve supply

A

medial plantar artery and nerve

56
Q

Flexor digitorum brevis fxn

A

flex digits 2-5 (PIP and MTP joints)

57
Q

Abductor digiti minimi (quinti) origin

A

medial and lateral tubercles of calcaneal tuberosity, plantar aponeurosis, intermuscular septum

58
Q

Abductor digiti minimi (quinti) insertion

A

lateral base of proximal phalanx of 5th toe

59
Q

Abductor digiti minimi (quinti) blood and nerve supply

A

lateral plantar artery and nerve

inferior calcaneal nerve; “Baxters nerve”

60
Q

Abductor digiti minimi (quinti) function

A

abduct 5th toe,

flexes (plantarflexes) 5th toe

Lower Extremity Anatomy (16 decks)

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