LEA Posterior Leg 1 Flashcards
fascia compartments of the leg are formed by
Tibia and fibula
inter muscular septa
interosseous membrane
the anterior compartment of the leg
- extensors of the ankle (foot) and toes
- deep fibular (perineal) nerve
- anterior tibial artery
posterior compartment of the leg
- flexors of ankle and toes
- tibial nerve
- posterior tibial and fibular arteries
lateral compartment of the leg
- evertors of ankle superficial
- fibular nerve
- perforating branches of anterior tibial and fibular arteries
small saphenous vein arises from the
dorsal venous arch (lateral marginal vein) and dorsal vein of 5th digit
small saphenous vein is __ to the lateral malleolus
posterior
small saphenous vein drains into
popliteal vein (but not always) (sometimes great saphenous vein)
the small saphenous vein travels with
sural nerve
the superficial lymphatics of the leg are located
superficial fascia
Majority of superficial lymph vessels drain into
vertical group of superficial inguinal nodes (great saphenous territory)
Superficial lymphatics in the small saphenous territory (posterior, lateral leg and foot) drain into
popliteal nodes
Deep Lymphatics are located
deep to deep fascia
lymph vessels travel with
blood vessels
deep tissues of the leg and foot drain into
popliteal nodes
popliteal nodes drain into
deep inguinal nodes
tibial nerve gives off
medial sural cutaneous
medial sural cutaneous nerve root levels
S1,2
tibial nerve root levels
L4-S3
common fibular root levels
L4-S2
common fibular nerve gives off
lateral sural cutaneous sural
(fibular/peroneal) communicating branch
the sural nerve is formed by
fibular communicating branch joining medial sural cutaneous
sural nerve root levels
S1,2
lateral sural cutaneous root levels
L5-S2
Sural (fibular/peroneal) communicating branch root levels
S1,2
the sural nerve runs close to
small saphenous vein
the sural nerve passes around
posterior border of lateral malleolus than inferior to it
sural nerve supplies
- Distal posterior and lateral leg
- Lateral calcaneus (lateral calcaneal branches)
- Lateral side of foot
- Lateral side of 5th digits (lateral dorsal cutaneous nerve)
the 2 subcompartments of the posterior compartment are divided by the
deep transverse intermuscular septum of the leg
where does the deep transverse intermusuclar septum of the leg attach
- Medial margin of the tibia
2. Posterior border of the fibula
the superficial compartment is supplied by the
sural arteries
the deep compartment is supplied by the
tibial arteries
which compartment is more tightly surrounded by fascia
the deep compartment
which compartment of the posterior leg is more susceptible to compartment syndrome
the deep compartment
which nerve supplies the posterior leg compartment muscles
tibial nerve
the posterior leg compartment muscles primary actions
- plantar flexion (flexors) foot/ankle
- inversion
- toe flexion
tendons of muscle pass and insert medial to the ___
subtalar joint
tendons of the muscle in the posterior leg can cause __ of the subtalar joint because of the way the pass
supination
superficial muscles of the posterior compartment action
powerful plantarflexors
the gastrocnemius 2 heads originate from
the femoral condyles
the gastrocnemius is important in
rapid, powerful movement
the gastrocnemius crosses __ joints
3
the origin of the medial head of the gastrocnemius
- posterior aspect of medial femoral condyle
- inferior aspect of medial supracondylar line
- crural fascia
the lateral head of gastrocnemius originates
- posterior aspect of lateral femoral condyle
- inferior aspect of lateral supracondylar line
- crural fascia
the insertion of the gastrocnemius
- the 2 heads fuse and anchor to the gastrocnemius aponeurosis
- the aponeurosis will join with the superficial surface of soleus aponeurosis
the gastrocnemius aponeurosis will join with
the soleus aponerosis
the middle 1/3 of posterior surface of calcaneus
insertion of the gastrocnemius via the calcaneal tendon/achilles tendon/tendo calcaneus
the innervation of the gastrocnemius
tibial nerve
the blood supply of the gastrocnemius
medial and lateral sural arteries (end arteries)
function of the gastrocnemius
plantar flexion foot (ankle), flexion of the leg, subtler supination
flabella
sesamoid bone in lateral head of gastrconemius (10-30% of population) and becoming more prevalent
the soleus
- broad flat muscle forms solar arch
- continuous active
what passes deep to the sole arch
tibial nerve and popliteal artery
the origin of the soleus
- middle 1/3 of tibia @ medial border
- soleal line
- tendinous arch
- posterior aspect of fibular head
- proximal 1/3 of fibula
the soleus insertion
joins with gastrocnemius, same as gastrocnemius
innervation of soleus
tibial
blood supply of the soleus
- sural arteries
- fibular
- posterior tibial
function of the soleus
- plantarflexion of foot and ankle
2. subtalar supination
triceps surae
- (gastroc-soleus group)
- gastrocnemius and soleus (3 heads, share insertion)
- powerful planarflexors.
plantaris
small muscle, long tendon between gastrocnemius and soleus
origin of plantaris
distal aspect lateral supracondylar line
Travels inferomedially
insertion of plantaris
medial aspect of middle 1/3 of posterior calcaneus, medial to achilles
innervation of plantaris muscle
tibial nerve
blood supply of plantaris
sural artery
function of plantaris
- plantar flexion,
- knee flexion,
- probably proprioceptive function (used in reconstructive surgery)
calcaneal tendon (achilles) inserts
onto posterior calcaneus
the calcaneal tendon twists __ as is descends to the calcaneus
inward;
clockwise left
counterclockwise right
gastrocnemius tendon fibers are __ at their insertion
lateral
soleus tendon fibers are __ at their insertion
medial
the achilles tendon is a
paratenan
the paratenon contains
numerous small vessels that supply the tendon
the vessels of the achilles partenon branch from
fibular and posterior tibial artery
watershed area of the achilles
2-6 cm above insertion
superficial retrocalcaneal bursa
between tendon and skin
deep retrocalcaneal bursa
between tendon and trigonum achilleum
