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Lower Extremity Anatomy > LEA Posterior Leg 1 > Flashcards

LEA Posterior Leg 1 Flashcards

1
Q

fascia compartments of the leg are formed by

A

Tibia and fibula
inter muscular septa
interosseous membrane

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2
Q

the anterior compartment of the leg

A
  1. extensors of the ankle (foot) and toes
  2. deep fibular (perineal) nerve
  3. anterior tibial artery
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3
Q

posterior compartment of the leg

A
  1. flexors of ankle and toes
  2. tibial nerve
  3. posterior tibial and fibular arteries
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4
Q

lateral compartment of the leg

A
  1. evertors of ankle superficial
  2. fibular nerve
  3. perforating branches of anterior tibial and fibular arteries
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5
Q

small saphenous vein arises from the

A

dorsal venous arch (lateral marginal vein) and dorsal vein of 5th digit

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6
Q

small saphenous vein is __ to the lateral malleolus

A

posterior

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7
Q

small saphenous vein drains into

A 
popliteal vein (but not always) 
(sometimes great saphenous vein)
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8
Q

the small saphenous vein travels with

A

sural nerve

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9
Q

the superficial lymphatics of the leg are located

A

superficial fascia

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10
Q

Majority of superficial lymph vessels drain into

A

vertical group of superficial inguinal nodes (great saphenous territory)

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11
Q

Superficial lymphatics in the small saphenous territory (posterior, lateral leg and foot) drain into

A

popliteal nodes

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12
Q

Deep Lymphatics are located

A

deep to deep fascia

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13
Q

lymph vessels travel with

A

blood vessels

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14
Q

deep tissues of the leg and foot drain into

A

popliteal nodes

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15
Q

popliteal nodes drain into

A

deep inguinal nodes

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16
Q

tibial nerve gives off

A

medial sural cutaneous

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17
Q

medial sural cutaneous nerve root levels

A

S1,2

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18
Q

tibial nerve root levels

A

L4-S3

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19
Q

common fibular root levels

A

L4-S2

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20
Q

common fibular nerve gives off

A

lateral sural cutaneous sural

(fibular/peroneal) communicating branch

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21
Q

the sural nerve is formed by

A

fibular communicating branch joining medial sural cutaneous

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22
Q

sural nerve root levels

A

S1,2

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23
Q

lateral sural cutaneous root levels

A

L5-S2

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24
Q

Sural (fibular/peroneal) communicating branch root levels

A

S1,2

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25
Q

the sural nerve runs close to

A

small saphenous vein

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26
Q

the sural nerve passes around

A

posterior border of lateral malleolus than inferior to it

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27
Q

sural nerve supplies

A
  • Distal posterior and lateral leg
  • Lateral calcaneus (lateral calcaneal branches)
  • Lateral side of foot
  • Lateral side of 5th digits (lateral dorsal cutaneous nerve)
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28
Q

the 2 subcompartments of the posterior compartment are divided by the

A

deep transverse intermuscular septum of the leg

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29
Q

where does the deep transverse intermusuclar septum of the leg attach

A
  1. Medial margin of the tibia

2. Posterior border of the fibula

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30
Q

the superficial compartment is supplied by the

A

sural arteries

31
Q

the deep compartment is supplied by the

A

tibial arteries

32
Q

which compartment is more tightly surrounded by fascia

A

the deep compartment

33
Q

which compartment of the posterior leg is more susceptible to compartment syndrome

A

the deep compartment

34
Q

which nerve supplies the posterior leg compartment muscles

A

tibial nerve

35
Q

the posterior leg compartment muscles primary actions

A
  • plantar flexion (flexors) foot/ankle
  • inversion
  • toe flexion
36
Q

tendons of muscle pass and insert medial to the ___

A

subtalar joint

37
Q

tendons of the muscle in the posterior leg can cause __ of the subtalar joint because of the way the pass

A

supination

38
Q

superficial muscles of the posterior compartment action

A

powerful plantarflexors

39
Q

the gastrocnemius 2 heads originate from

A

the femoral condyles

40
Q

the gastrocnemius is important in

A

rapid, powerful movement

41
Q

the gastrocnemius crosses __ joints

A

3

42
Q

the origin of the medial head of the gastrocnemius

A
  1. posterior aspect of medial femoral condyle
  2. inferior aspect of medial supracondylar line
  3. crural fascia
43
Q

the lateral head of gastrocnemius originates

A
  1. posterior aspect of lateral femoral condyle
  2. inferior aspect of lateral supracondylar line
  3. crural fascia
44
Q

the insertion of the gastrocnemius

A
  • the 2 heads fuse and anchor to the gastrocnemius aponeurosis
  • the aponeurosis will join with the superficial surface of soleus aponeurosis
45
Q

the gastrocnemius aponeurosis will join with

A

the soleus aponerosis

46
Q

the middle 1/3 of posterior surface of calcaneus

A

insertion of the gastrocnemius via the calcaneal tendon/achilles tendon/tendo calcaneus

47
Q

the innervation of the gastrocnemius

A

tibial nerve

48
Q

the blood supply of the gastrocnemius

A

medial and lateral sural arteries (end arteries)

49
Q

function of the gastrocnemius

A

plantar flexion foot (ankle), flexion of the leg, subtler supination

50
Q

flabella

A

sesamoid bone in lateral head of gastrconemius (10-30% of population) and becoming more prevalent

51
Q

the soleus

A
  • broad flat muscle forms solar arch

- continuous active

52
Q

what passes deep to the sole arch

A

tibial nerve and popliteal artery

53
Q

the origin of the soleus

A
  1. middle 1/3 of tibia @ medial border
  2. soleal line
  3. tendinous arch
  4. posterior aspect of fibular head
  5. proximal 1/3 of fibula
54
Q

the soleus insertion

A

joins with gastrocnemius, same as gastrocnemius

55
Q

innervation of soleus

A

tibial

56
Q

blood supply of the soleus

A
  1. sural arteries
  2. fibular
  3. posterior tibial
57
Q

function of the soleus

A
  1. plantarflexion of foot and ankle

2. subtalar supination

58
Q

triceps surae

A
  • (gastroc-soleus group)
  • gastrocnemius and soleus (3 heads, share insertion)
  • powerful planarflexors.
59
Q

plantaris

A

small muscle, long tendon between gastrocnemius and soleus

60
Q

origin of plantaris

A

distal aspect lateral supracondylar line

Travels inferomedially

61
Q

insertion of plantaris

A

medial aspect of middle 1/3 of posterior calcaneus, medial to achilles

62
Q

innervation of plantaris muscle

A

tibial nerve

63
Q

blood supply of plantaris

A

sural artery

64
Q

function of plantaris

A
  1. plantar flexion,
  2. knee flexion,
  3. probably proprioceptive function (used in reconstructive surgery)
65
Q

calcaneal tendon (achilles) inserts

A

onto posterior calcaneus

66
Q

the calcaneal tendon twists __ as is descends to the calcaneus

A

inward;
clockwise left
counterclockwise right

67
Q

gastrocnemius tendon fibers are __ at their insertion

A

lateral

68
Q

soleus tendon fibers are __ at their insertion

A

medial

69
Q

the achilles tendon is a

A

paratenan

70
Q

the paratenon contains

A

numerous small vessels that supply the tendon

71
Q

the vessels of the achilles partenon branch from

A

fibular and posterior tibial artery

72
Q

watershed area of the achilles

A

2-6 cm above insertion

73
Q

superficial retrocalcaneal bursa

A

between tendon and skin

74
Q

deep retrocalcaneal bursa

A

between tendon and trigonum achilleum

Lower Extremity Anatomy (16 decks)

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