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Lower Extremity Anatomy > LEA Plantar Foot Part 2 > Flashcards

LEA Plantar Foot Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

2nd Layer

A
  • 5 muscles (4 lumbricals, quadratus plantae)

- 2 tendons (FDL and FHL); All muscles attach to FDL

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2
Q

Quadratus plantae (flexor accesorius)

A
  • Deep to FDB,

- 2 heads (origins)

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3
Q

Quadratus plantae (flexor accesorius) origin

A

Medial head: medial surface of calcaneus

Lateral head: trigonum plantare and inferior calcaneus distal to lateral tubercle

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4
Q

Quadratus plantae 2 heads origins are separated by

A

long plantar ligament

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5
Q

Quadratus plantae (flexor accesorius) insertion

A

heads unite to insert onto the FDL tendon

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6
Q

Quadratus plantae (flexor accesorius) blood supply

A

medial and lateral plantar arteries

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7
Q

Quadratus plantae (flexor accesorius) nerve

A

lateral plantar nerve

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8
Q

Quadratus plantae (flexor accesorius) function

A

redirects line of pull of FDL, assist in flexing phalanges

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9
Q

Lumbricals (Lumbricale Muscles)

A

1 is unipennate; 2,3,4 are bipennate

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10
Q

Lumbricals origin

A
  • 1st lumbrical: medial side of 1st tendon of FDL (tendon going to 2nd digit)
  • 2 – 4: adjacent tendons

(e.g. 3rd lumbrical: medial side of 3rd FDL tendon, lateral side of 2nd FDL tendon; 2nd lumbrical medial side of 2 FDL tendon, lateral side of 1 FDL Tendon)

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11
Q

lumbricals Tendons pass distally plantar to the

A

deep transverse metatarsal ligament

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12
Q

Lumbricals insertion

A
  • medial aspect of extensor wing of the extensor expansion at base of proximal phalanx of digits 2-5
  • (1st lumbrical goes to 2nd digit, 2nd lumbrical to 3rd digit)
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13
Q

Lumbricals blood

A

respective plantar metatarsal arteries

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14
Q

Lumbricals nerve

A

1st – medial plantar nerve

2-4 – deep branch of lateral plantar nerve

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15
Q

lumbricals function

A

flex MTP joints, extend PIP and DIP joints

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16
Q

3rd layer

A

3 muscles (FHB, FDMB, ADD Hallucis)

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17
Q

Flexor hallucis brevis 2 heads

A

medial and lateral

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18
Q

Flexor hallucis brevis origin

A
  • lateral: plantar surface of cuboid and lateral cuneiform

- medial: tibialis posterior tendon

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19
Q

Flexor hallucis brevis insertion

A

medial and lateral base of proximal phalanx

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20
Q

Respective heads of FHB invest ___ before phalangeal insertion

A

respective hallux sesamoid bones

-Medial (tibial) and lateral (fibular)

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21
Q

Sesamoids

A
  • increase the mechanical advantage of the FHB

- Weight-bearing structures and decrease friction

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22
Q

Flexor hallucis brevis blood supply

A

1st plantar metatarsal artery

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23
Q

Flexor hallucis brevis nerve

A

medial plantar nerve

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24
Q

Flexor hallucis brevis function

A

flex (plantarflex) hallux MTP joint

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25
Q

Flexor digiti minimi brevis origin

A

base of the 5th metatarsal, tendon sheath of fibulas longus

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26
Q

Flexor digiti minimi brevis insertion

A

plantar/lateral aspect of base of proximal phalanx of 5th toe

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27
Q

Flexor digiti minimi brevis bloody supply

A

lateral plantar artery

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28
Q

Flexor digiti minimi brevis nerve

A

superficial branch of lateral plantar nerve

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29
Q

Flexor digiti minimi brevis function

A

flex (plantarflex) 5th digit at MTP joint

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30
Q

adductor hallucis 2 heads

A

transverse and oblique

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31
Q

adductor hallucis origin

A
  • transverse head: fibrous capsule, plantar plates of digits 3-5, deep transverse metatarsal ligament
  • oblique head: plantar aspect of metatarsal bases 2-4; fibularis longus tendon sheath
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32
Q

adductor hallucis insertion

A

lateral sesamoid and lateral aspect of proximal phalanx base of 1st digit

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33
Q

adductor hallucis blood supply

A

plantar metatarsal arteries

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34
Q

adductor hallucis nerve

A

deep branch of lateral plantar nerve

35
Q

adductor hallucis function

A

adducts hallux

36
Q

opponens digiti minimi origin

A

base of 5th metatarsal, long plantar ligament, FDMB

37
Q

opponens digiti minimi insertion

A

lateral shaft of 5th metatarsal and surrounding fascia

38
Q

opponens digiti minimi function

A

abduction and flexion of the 5th toe

39
Q

4th layer

A

2 muscle groups (dorsal and plantar interossei)

40
Q

4th layer is located within the

A

metatarsal spaces

41
Q

4th layer muscles are not associated with the

A

hallux

42
Q

4th layer muscle tendons pass dorsal to the

A

deep transverse metatarsal ligament

43
Q

_ plantar interossei and _ dorsal interossei

A

3, 4

44
Q

plantar interossei

A

adduct digits

45
Q

dorsal interossei

A

abduct digits

46
Q

2 tendons of the 4th layer

A

tibialis posterior, fibularis longus

47
Q

Plantar Interossei Muscles

A
  • 3 in number, associated with digits 3,4,5

- Unipennate muscles

48
Q

Plantar Interossei Muscles origin

A

base and medial aspect of shafts of metatarsals 3, 4, 5

49
Q

Plantar Interossei Muscles insertion

A

medial aspect of base of proximal phalanx and extensor expansion (sling of the extensor expansion) of same digit

50
Q

Plantar Interossei Muscles blood supply

A

plantar metatarsal arteries 2-4

51
Q

Plantar Interossei Muscles nerve

A
  • lateral plantar nerve
  • Deep branch innervates 1st and 2nd plantar interossei
  • Superficial branch innervates 3rd plantar interossei
52
Q

Plantar Interossei Muscles function

A
  • adduct digits 3-5 toward foot midline

- Flex (plantarflex) 3-5 MTP joint, extend (dorsiflex) IP joints of digits 3-5

53
Q

Dorsal Interossei

A
  • 4 in number, associated with digits 2-4
  • Digit 2 has 2 dorsal interossei muscles inserting
  • Bipennate muscles located within the intermetatarsal space
54
Q

Dorsal Interossei origin

A

adjacent metatarsal shafts

1st dorsal interossei originates lateral aspect of 1st metatarsal shaft and medial aspect of 2nd metatarsal shaft)

55
Q

Dorsal Interossei insertion

A

1st dorsal interossei: medial aspect of base of proximal phalanx and extensor expansion (sling) of 2nd digit
2nd – 4th dorsal interossei: lateral aspect of base of proximal phalanx and extensor expansion (sling) of corresponding digit

56
Q

Dorsal Interossei blood supply

A

corresponding dorsal metatarsal artery

57
Q

Dorsal Interossei nerve

A
  • lateral plantar nerve
  • deep branch of lateral plantar nerve innervates 1st – 3rd
  • superficial branch of lateral plantar nerve innervates 4th
  • 1st and 2nd also receives innervation from deep fibular nerve
58
Q

Dorsal Interossei function

A
  • abducts digits 2-4

- Flex (plantarflex) MTP joints; extend (dorsiflex) IP joints

59
Q

1st Intermetatarsal space

A

1st dorsal interosseous

60
Q

2nd Intermetatarsal space

A

2nd dorsal, 1st plantar

61
Q

3rd Intermetatarsal space

A

3rd dorsal, 2nd plantar

62
Q

4th Intermetatarsal space

A

4th dorsal, 3rd plantar

63
Q

___ keeps the tendons anchored to the bone

A

A fibrous flexor sheath

64
Q

FHL, FDB and FDL are surrounded by a synovial sheath to

A

reduce friction

65
Q

Extensor Expansion

A

A tendinofibroaponeurotic structure that is involved in the extensor function of the digits

66
Q

Extensor Expansion formed by

A
  • Extrinsic muscles: EDL and EHL
  • Intrinsic muscles: EDB, lumbricals, interossei
  • Stabilizing ligaments: sling and wing, triangular lamina
67
Q

EDB joins the

A

EDL tendon

68
Q

can form lateral slip instead of EDL

A

EDB tendons

69
Q

EHB attaches to base of

A

proximal phalanx

70
Q

Lumbrical tendons pass _ to deep transverse metatarsal ligament

A

plantar

71
Q

Lumbrical tendons insert into wing which allows them to

A

flex the MTP joint and extend IP joints

72
Q

Lumbrical tendons can form

A

medial slip

73
Q

Interosseous tendons pass __ to deep transverse metatarsal ligament

A

dorsal

74
Q

Interosseous tendons insert into base of

A

proximal phalanx at the tubercle

75
Q

Interosseous tendons insert into extensor apparatus at

A

the sling

76
Q

Sling

A
  • Proximally located
  • Transversely oriented fibers pass around the
  • MTP joint and attach the plantar plate, and deep transverse metatarsal ligament
  • Interossei insert into the sling
  • Anchors EDL allowing it to extend all of the digit
77
Q

Wing

A
  • Distal portion of extensor expansion
  • Fibers are oriented obliquely (triangular shaped), located at the proximal phalanx
  • Lumbricals insert into the medial side of the wing
78
Q

EDL Tendons forms at ___ of extensor expansion

A

central axis

79
Q

FDL tendons stabilized by

A

the sling at the MTP joint

80
Q

the EDL tendons divide into 3 slips (trifurcates) at

A

the MTP joint (some say proximal phalanx)

81
Q

2 slips of EDL tendon: medial and lateral

A

Extend over dorsum of middle phalanx

Insert into base of distal phalanx as a terminal tendon

82
Q

1 middle (central) slip of EDL tendon

A

Inserts into base of middle phalanx

83
Q

Triangular Lamina is found

A

between lateral slips of the EDL

84
Q

Triangular Lamina function

A

is unknown but believed to anchor medial and lateral slips (keeps them from sliding plantar ward)

Lower Extremity Anatomy (16 decks)

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