Language Development

Question 1

Vowel-like vocalizations

What am I?

Answer 1

Cooing

Question 2

Vowel-consonant combinations

What am I?

Answer 2

Babbling

Question 3

What do children do at 8-10 months with gestures?

Answer 3

• Communicate request (reach toward toy & look at mom)

Question 4

What do children do at 11-12 months with gestures?

Answer 4

• Referential: communicate something about environment

Question 5

What are holophrases? Give an example?

3pts

Answer 5

• One-word utterances
• Convey an entire sentence worth of meaning

Ex- the child may say “mine” to say “this is my toy and I don’t want you to play with it”

Question 6

Errors in word usage: Overextension

Give an example

Answer 6

Occurs when a child uses a single word to refer to multiple objects or concepts, instead of using different words for different things

• Ex- a child may refer a horse as a dog

Question 7

Errors in word usage: Underextension

Answer 7

• They don’t apply labels they know to things for which the labels are appropriate

Ex- a child may refer robins etc as birds but not apply it to ostriches

Question 8

Errors in word usage: Coining

Answer 8

Creating new words to label objects

Question 9

Explanations for Overextensions:
Infer meaning of words from perceptual features of their referents

What concept is this?

Answer 9

Semantic Features Hypothesis

When referring to dog, you may think of the sound, what it looks like etc

Question 10

Explanations for Overextensions:
Infer meanings of words from functions of their referents

What concept is this?

Answer 10

Functional Core Explanation

Ex- when you think of hammer, you may refer to what its function is

Question 11

What are telegraphic sentences? When does it occur?

Give an example.

5pts

Answer 11

• 2-3 word utterances
  -consist solely of content words
  -omit less meaningful words
  -begin around 1½ to 2 years

Ex- “Kitty tired”, “I hungry”

Question 12

Applying rules of grammar even to irregular cases.

What concept is this? Give an example

Answer 12

Overregularization

adding “ed” to breaked instead of saying broken

Question 13

What learning theory surrounds shaping and reinforcement?

Answer 13

Reinforcement model

Question 14

What learning theory surrounds imitation?

Answer 14

Social learning

Question 15

What is motherese?

Answer 15

Baby talk - form of language mothers often use when talking to babies

Question 16

What is recasting?

Answer 16

Response to speech that restates it using a different structure

Question 17

What is expansion?

Answer 17

When you take words your child says about what they see and do and repeat them while adding the missing words to make it more grammatically correct

Question 18

Nativist position:

Children infer rules of language from the speech they hear.

What concept is this?

Answer 18

Language Acquisition Device

Question 19

What two parts of the brain are for specialization and language? What are their specificities?

2pts

Answer 19

Broca’s Area: Language production
Wernicke’s area: Language comprehension

Question 20

Period when most sensitive to environmental stimulus.

What concept is this?

Answer 20

Critical period