Jean Piaget's Theory Flashcards

1
Q

What is Genetic epistemology?

What does Epistemology and Genetic mean separately?

4pts

A

Epistemology: Study of the nature of knowledge

Genetic: Development or emergence

Genetic Epistemology: study of the development of knowledge

  • When does knowledge begin –> When do we actually see when kids develop knowledge
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2
Q

What is knowledge?

2pts

A
  • not a thing, but a process
  • involves “acting on the environment”
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3
Q

What are schemes/schemas? Give an example

3pts

A

-Patterns of organized actions or thoughts
-Like a visual representation of information

Ex- if we see a dog, we have an image of a dog and have created a scheme for a dog

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4
Q

What is assimilation?

2pts

A
  • Fitting reality into existing schemes
  • Applying what we already know to understand the world
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5
Q

What is accommodation?

A
  • Adjusting scheme to fit new information
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6
Q

What is equilibrium vs disequilibrium?

A

Equilibrium: When our existing knowledge fits well with our current experiences

Disequilibrium: When existing knowledge does not fit well with current experiences. Must adjust our schemes.

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7
Q

What are the 4 major periods in Piaget’s theory?

A
  1. Sensorimotor period (0-2 years)
  2. Preoperational period (2-7 years)
  3. Concrete operation period (7-11 years)
  4. Formal operational period (12 years and up)
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8
Q

What is stage 1 of the sensorimotor period? When does it occur?

3pts

A

Stage 1: Exercising Reflexes
- up until the first month
- practice and repetition of reflexes

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9
Q

What is stage 2 of the sensorimotor period? When does it occur?

What circular reaction do we see here?

4pts

A

Stage 2: Developing schemes
- 1 to 4 months
- Through habituation studies, we show them things and if they keep sucking then that means they recognize it but if they stop sucking it means they are seeing something new
- primary circular reactions (cause and effect) (ex- open and close their fingers)

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10
Q

What is stage 3 of the sensorimotor period? When does it occur? What circular reaction appears?

5pts

A

Stage 3: Discovering procedures
- 4 to 8 months
- secondary circular reactions focused on external world
- interactions with objects of the external world
- object permanence

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11
Q

What is object permanence and in what stage of the sensorimotor period does it occur?

2pts

A
  • Understanding that things and people still exist even when you can’t see or hear them
  • Stage 3: discovering procedures (4 to 8 months)
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12
Q

What is stage 4 of the sensorimotor period? When does it occur?

5pts

A

Stage 4: Intentional behaviour
- 8 to 12 months
- develop cause-effect understanding
- anticipation of events
- “Coordination of means and ends”

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13
Q

What is stage 5 of the sensorimotor period? When does it occur? What circular reaction appears?

4pts

A

Stage 5: Novelty and exploration
- 12 to 18 months
- “Little scientist” (in order to see what happens), trial and error
- tertiary circular reactions: has grasped cause-effect and now experimenting with it

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14
Q

What is stage 6 of the sensorimotor period?

3pts

A

Stage 6: Mental representation- beginning of representational thought
- 18 to 24 months
- Anticipates and solve problems using “mental” combinations

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15
Q

What is the preoperational period? When does it occur?

3pts

A
  • Symbolic representation
  • pretend play
  • 2 to 7 years
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16
Q

Ways of manipulating and understanding objects in relation to each other.

What concept is this?

A

Operations

17
Q

Childs inability to understand another person’s point of view from another person’s perspective.

What concept is this? Elaborate a bit.

A

Egocentrism
- The child believes that other children feel, think and experience life as they do

18
Q

What is Piaget’s Mountain Task? what does it show?

3pts

A

Children are shown a 3-dimensional model of a mountain and are asked to describe what a doll or person from a different angle might see. Children tend to choose a picture that represents their own perspective rather than the doll/other person’s view.

  • Shows how often children see the world differently from adults
  • Help develop theory of mind- ability to see things from another perspective
19
Q

Child talking to themselves for self-guidance, usually through an activity. The tendency for pre-operational children to assume that listeners knowing everything that they know, revealing difficulty with perspective taking.

What concept is this?

A

Egocentric speech

20
Q

Child’s tendency to focus on only one aspect of a problem at a time.

What concept is this? What is it a lack of?

A

Centration
- lack of conservation

21
Q

The knowledge that the quantitative properties of objects are not changed by a change in appearance. This is a concrete operational achievement.

What concept is this? Give examples.

A

Conservation
- realizing that just by things being stretched, cut, elongated, spread out, shrunk, poured etc they still have the same quantity

22
Q

Young child’s tendency to attribute properties of life to non-living things.

What concept is this?

23
Q

Proposed by Alfred Adler people want to succeed based on their goals and ideals for the future.

What concept is this? Give an example.

A

Finalism
Ex- Johnny believes he will work in a big company and earn a lot of money after finishing his degree, which motivates him to study more hours

24
Q

The belief that environmental characteristics can be attributed to human actions or interventions.

What concept is this? Give an example.

A

Artificialism
Ex- a child might say that it is windy outside because someone is blowing very hard, or the clouds are white because someone painted them that color

25
What is the 3rd stage of Piaget's theory, concrete operations? When does it occur? 4pts
- 7 to 11 years - Acquire operations - Logical thinking - less thinking about themselves
26
What is the 4th stage of Piaget's theory, formal operations? When does it occur? 4pts
- 12 years and older - logical - abstract reasoning and thinking - hypothetical- come up with theories