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PSY2105- Child Development > Chapter 5- Sensory & Perceptual Development in Infancy > Flashcards

Chapter 5- Sensory & Perceptual Development in Infancy Flashcards

1
Q

What survival reflexes are permanent? Which two are permanent, but modified by experience?

5pts

A
  • Breathing reflex
  • Eyeblink reflex
  • Pupillary reflex
  • Swallowing & sucking reflex–> permanent but modified by experience
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2
Q

What survival reflex gradually disappears after 3-4 months?

A

Rooting reflex- if they feel something touching next to their mouth, they ex- a bottle on their cheek, they will turn to put the bottle/nipple in their mouth

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3
Q

When you stroke the infants foot, their foot spreads then they curl their toes

What reflex is this and when does it disappear?

A

Babinski reflex
- disappears after 12 months

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4
Q

Grasp fingers or other objects placed in the palm of hand.

What reflex is this and when does it disappear?

Give an example.

A

Grasping reflex
- disappears in 3 to 4 months

Ex- If you put your finger in a baby’s hand, they will hold on to it

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5
Q

-Held horizontally in water, they display alternating arm and leg movements
- Resembles swimming

What reflex is this and when does it disappear?

A

Swimming reflex
- disappears after 6 months

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6
Q

-Help upright, feet touching flat surface
- Makes stepping movements as though walking

What reflex is this and when does it disappear?

Give an example.

A

Stepping reflex/ placing reflex
- disappears after 2-3 months

Ex- if you hold a baby up and ask them to take steps, you can see them take little steps/alternating legs

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7
Q

Stimuli:
- sudden loud noise
- Head drop
- Baby drop

They arch lower back, throws their arms out, suddenly brings arms together, clutching motions

What reflex is this and when does it disappear?

A

Moro reflex/startle reflex
- disappears in about 5 months

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8
Q

If infant is laying on their back and you put pressure on both palms, they will react by closing their eyes, opening their mouth and their head will return to midline.

What reflex is this and when does it disappear?

A

Babkin reflex/ Palmarmental reflex
- disappears in 3-4 months

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9
Q

How do we access/measure sensory capabilities in neonates?

4pts

A

Psychophysiological measures:
- heart rate
- respiration rate
- cortical response (EEG)
- Sucking rate

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9
Q

What are visual sensory capabilities?

5pts

A
  • brightness
  • colour
  • movement
  • tracking
  • acuity and focusing ability
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10
Q

Visual perception capabilities:

Why did Robert Fanz’s create the “looking chamber”? How old were the babies?

1pts

A

He developed the “looking chamber” for 2 day old infants- to discover what patterns and forms babies perceive

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11
Q

What were the results of the looking chamber from the presented the stimuli?

3pts

A
  • preferred face
  • also attracted to concentric circles
  • peaked by about 2 months
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12
Q

What is it that attracts infant’s attention, in terms of faces/shapes/forms?

3pts

A
  • contour
  • complexity
  • curvature
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13
Q

What were the results regarding scanning of face in ONE month old’s?

2pts

A
  • focused on contours and edges
  • little concern for inner features
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14
Q

What were the results regarding scanning of face in TWO month olds?

2pts

A
  • scan inner features
  • little concern for contours and edges
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15
Q

By three months what happens to babies vison and scanning of face? What do they prefer?

3pts

A
  • their vision gets a lot better, not as blurry
  • 3 months old prefer to look at photographs of their mothers
  • 3 month old can even discriminate between faces of strangers
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16
Q

Can babies recognize self?

What happens at 3 months:
prefer picture of another baby to self

TRUE OR FALSE

A

TRUE

17
Q

Can babies recognize self?

What happens at 5 months:
If alter image of self, infants spend less time looking at image

TRUE OR FALSE

A

false- spend MORE time

18
Q

What did they realize with the “rouge test” for babies less than 15 months?

1pt

A

they reach for spot on image in mirror, don’t recognize themselves in the mirror

19
Q

What did they realize with the “rough test” for babies 15-18 months?

1pt

A

they reach for spot on their own face, so they recognize themselves

20
Q

What are the difficulties with spatial perception?

2 pts

A
  1. poor visual acuity and focusing ability
  2. lack of stereopsis prior to 3 months
21
Q

At 3 to 4 weeks, infant react defensively when foam rubber cube moved towards them.

What study am I?

A

Visual looming study

22
Q

What are 4 auditory sensations? What is orientation and habituation used for?

5pts

A

Orientation and habituation method for how we measure how babies recognize sound

  • Frequency
  • Intensity
  • Duration
  • Location
23
Q

Babies stop sucking to focus on something

True or False

A

True

24
Q

If a baby turns to a sound, what does it show?

1pt

A

It shows a preference to a specific sound

25
Q

Auditory Perception:

What did DeCasper & Fifer say about voice perception in babies? What did the experiment consist of?

Hint* mother vs strangers voice

4pts

A
  • 1-3 day old babies
  • Pacifier that records sucking rate
  • Choice between mother’s voice and stranger’s voice
  • Preferred mother’s voice
26
Q

Could the infant be listening to mother’s voice while still in the womb?

Who conducted the experiment and what were the results?

5pts

A

Spence & DeCasper

  • Mothers read The Cat in the Hat to their fetuses 2X per day for last 6 weeks
  • Choice between The Cat in the Hat and another Suess story
  • Preferred The Cat in the Hat
  • Fetuses are able to recognize their moms voice and the stories the mom reads
27
Q

Reaction to sound

In the experiment of Condon and Sandler, what did it entail of regarding the sounds presented (3pts) and the responses of the babies (2pts), how old were the babies (1pt)?

6pts

A

-2-day old neonates

Sounds:
- Tapping noises
- Vowel sounds
- Natural speech in English and Chinese

Response:
- Became alert
- coordinated body movements to natural speech

28
Q

Discrimination between speech sounds

2 days old – can distinguish between vowel sounds such as E and Y

True or false

A

False, they can distinguish between vowel sound A and I

29
Q

Discrimination between speech sounds

2 - 3 months – can even distinguish between similar consonant sounds.

True or false

A

True:
- bah-pah
- dah - tah

30
Q

What do babies do in response to music at 1 day old? What do they prefer?

2 pts

A
  • 1 day olds will increase or decrease sucking rate to listen to music
  • Prefer music to noise without musical rhythm
31
Q

Can newborns recognize mother’s odour?

A

Yes

32
Q

What is a babies/neonates response to pleasant and unpleasant odours?

1pt

A
  • Neonates turn toward pleasant odour and away from unpleasant odour
33
Q

How can we tell if babies are enjoying the taste of something?

1pt

A

Sucking rate

34
Q

What do babies prefer and not prefer in terms of taste?

3pts

A

-Prefer sweet solution to bitter, sour, or salty
- Prefer more concentrated sweet to less concentrated
- Prefer less concentrated sour or bitter to more concentrated

35
Q

Why is it best to introduce veggies to babies first over fruits?

1pt

A
  • Babies like sweet taste of fruit over veggies, so they tend to throw it away/to the side/avoid it
36
Q
  • Expression of “satisfaction”
  • Slight smile
  • Sucking movements
  • Heart-rate increase

What taste is this reacting to?

A

Sweet

37
Q
  • Lips pursing
  • Wrinkling of the nose
  • Blinking of the eyes

What taste is this reacting to?

A

Sour

38
Q
  • Dislike, disgust, rejection
  • Spitting
  • Gagging
  • “preparatory vomiting”

What taste is this reacting to?

A

Bitter

39
Q

What is the critical age to learn a language, to be able to speak it fluently?

A

Adolescence

PSY2105- Child Development (18 decks)

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