Language Flashcards
What is language
Words, rules (syntax, morphology, phonology)
Interfaces
Function and origins of language
A system of symbols and rules that enables us to communicate
Why is language specific to humans (Gould and lewontin)
The big brain theory
Survival of the fittest - those with larger brains could communicate better eg. About food, threat warning
Survival of the fittest
Humans = larger brains and those processing capacities
Exocatajce of brain areas such as the the left hemisphere associated with language processing
How are words formed - morphology
The bouba-Kiki effect (ramachandran and Hubbard) sounds are reflective of the physical structure of that object suggest some connection between language and cognition
Language and cognition - identity hypothesis - Watson
Though and language are the same though is just sensations produces by speech organs too small to produce audible sounds
Movement in larynx occur during thinking - may just accompany thinking
Language cognition - general resources Piaget
Language stems from dependent on cognitive processes eg thought
Children can be taught words but won’t understand them without cognitive development
Whorfian hypothesis
Language determines thinking
Linguistic relativity - thinking influenced by the language they speak
Differ t perceptions for Sam’s object between languages
Evidence but task one if. And generally weak
Modularity hypothesis
Language and thought are separate processes
Impairment in language do not affect cognitive abilities and vice versa
Dementia and aphasia cognitive deficits eg attention memory also imlaors language
Applications
Alcohol imlaors cognitive processing consequently intoxicated individuals produced 3x more dysfluemcies them when sober and speech less rich
Alzheimer’s disease analysis of Ronald Reagens speeches showed signs of impairment r10 years before Alzheimer’s diagnoses
Language production
Errors In speech production are systematic so. Can suggest errors in cognitive processing
Anticipation of phenomenon is premature -I’m beading a book
Preservation- I’m reading a rook - interference from previous
Deletion
Substitution
Transposition - initial letters of words switches
Blending blend word with same meaning
Cognitive intrusions
Levelt et al Weaver
Weaver - word from encoding by activation and verification
Processing is serial (less flexiabls )
Word production = from meaning
Processing is discrete identifies the correct lemma word before starting to work out the sound
Word selection = lexical, units activated
Evaluation of levels weaver model
Research shifted away frk speech errors and towards precise timing of word production processes under lab conditions
Substitution error occur during lexical selection stage where semantically words are selected accidentally
X narrow focus on lrocesss involved in production of words x more interaction between levels predicted eg anticipation
Dells connectionist model of speech
Conceptual level - words share features on a semantic level this js the planning stage
Word level Shound level words share features on a phonological level
Evaluation of dells
Semantic phonological factors can influence word selection error simultaneously
Agoldrich - some interaction but li opted both agree processing generally more advanced at some levels
Models of speech
Motor theory - rather than encoding the auditory signal we encode the implied actions our own vocal tract would make
Direct perception theory
Rather than encoding the auditory signal motor tract actions are directly pe
Ercueved from the speaker
Fuzzy logic theory - information processing model - information taiko store and processed in cognitive system a,low language comprehension
Prbalistic value of speech
Language comprehension replies on combination of cognitive preceding visual
Erveptiom working memory and probiotics knowledge and auditory perception
