Autims Flashcards
Origins of autism diagnoses
4 attributes
- autistic aloneness
- desire for sameness
- language problems
- islets of available
He the. Changed his mind and said it was due to maladaptive parenting
ICD-11: Autism spectrum disorder
Persitantdefecire in social communication and interaction outside range of expectancy typical functioning for age and level of i tellctual development
Diagnoses made in reference to
Presence or not of disorder of i tellctual development
Presence or not of dimpakred functional language
Dsm -5 criteria
1) defecits in social emotional reciprocity
2) defecits in nonverbal behaviours
3) defecits in developing maintaining and understanding relationships
RepetTive movements
Insisrnaxe in sameness
Fixated interests
Hyper or hypo sensitivity to sensory input
Differential diagnoses
Symptoms not better explained by intellectual disability
Comorbid diagnoses
Can only be given when social communication below expected developmental level
Neurodiversity
Move towards characterising autism in terms of defecits or impairments
Instead thinking about autism as pattern of differences which presents advantages and disadvantages in relation to neurotypical social norms and expectations
NICE guidelines
Include in every diagnostic assessment
- detailed questions About parents carers
Young persons experiences
Developmental experinenses
Assesme f on social and communication skills
Medical history
Physical examination
Differential diagnoses
Prevalence of autism spectrum disorder
More common in boys than in girls
USA - prevlanice since 2002
Aetiology if ASD : biological causes
Brain structure - larger cerebral volume abnormalities in. Occipital lobe
Pericentra, region
Basal gnagalia medial temporal lobe right parietal operculum
Prenatal factors
Genetic factors - twins
Border autism phenotype
First defeee relatives with autism
Siblings of children with asd higher incidence for autism
Characteristics more frequent in first degree relatives
Aetiology of asd cognitive factors
Theory of mind defecits
Not aware of how to look when things moved
Weak central coherence theory - frith
Weak central coherence - bias for features or local information rather than global meaning
Eg focuses on facial features rather than whole face
Executive functioning difficulties
Children with asd have set shifting and plannninf difficulties not inhibition difficulties
Interventions for children with asd
Individuals with asd can struggle with change in routines
Need to ensure rewards are highly salient
Diffuclty generalising to other contexts 50% of asd children suffer from self injury
Interventions - challenging behaviour
SociL skills
Self help and learning
Operant behaviour interventions
Lovaas early intervention
40 hours a week intensive behavioural therapy
