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NCLEX > Labs - REVIEW DAILY > Flashcards

Labs - REVIEW DAILY Flashcards

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1
Q

pH

A

7.35-7.45

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2
Q

Bicarbonate (HCO3)

A

22-26

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3
Q

PaCO2 levels
- When do you intubate?

A

35-45

> 60s = RESPIRATORY FAILURE
= prepare to intubate + ventilate

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4
Q

Serum Creatinine

A

0.6-1.2

Elevation = impaired kidney fx
*another lab is BUN

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5
Q

INR/PT

A

Therapeutic: 2-3 seconds

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6
Q

aPTT

A

Heparin

Normal: 20 - 30 sec
Therapeutic: 1.5x-2.5x normal

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7
Q

K

  • Sxs are same as prefix, except for (2)?
  • What to never do?
  • best tx for HYPER kalemia?
  • Max and min [K] to give?
A

3.5-5.3

  • HEART; affects QT interval
  • Inverse to Na
  • All Sxs are the same, except HYPER = low HR + urine output

Best way to tx HYPERkalemia = D5W w/ reg. insulin + Kayexalate

Never do these:
1. Give IV push or IM injection
2. Give >40mmol/L (max) of IV fluid DILUTE

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8
Q

BUN

A

Kidney function
- Measures nitrogen waste products in blood

8-25
Elevated = dehydration (e.g. GI losses)

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9
Q

HgB

A

Haemoglobin
12-18

Drop <8 = assess for bleeding + prepare to give blood

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10
Q

Hematocrit

A

% of RBCs in vascular volume
36% - 54% (3x Hgb)

ELEVATED = assess for dehydration

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11
Q

PaO2

A

78-100

PRIORITY: in the 60s = respiratory failure

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12
Q

O2 Sat

A

93% - 100%

PEDS <95% = give O2!!

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13
Q

BNP

A

(Brain natriuretic peptide)
= Indicates CHF (ventricular stretch)

<100

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14
Q

Na
- C/F of Hyper/Hypo??

A

135-145

Abnormal Na levels + change in LOC = CRITICAL
hypEr = dEhydratioon
hypO = Overload

Inverse to K

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15
Q

WBCs
- Total?
- ANC?
- CD4?

A

5K - 11K
Absolute Neutrophil count (ANC) >500
CD4 >200
= lower CD4, HIV&raquo_space; AIDS

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16
Q

Low platelet count is called _______?

A

Thrombocytopenia (clotting deficiency)

PRIORITY: if <40K

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16
Q

RBC deficiency

A

Anemia

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17
Q

MAP

A

An accurate BP reading from arterial line

> 60 mmHg for adequate perfusion to body

TOO LOW = hypovolemic shock

18
Q

Normal urine output

A

> 0.5 mL/kg/hr (>30 mL/hr)

19
Q

Ejection Fraction

A

55-70%

20
Q

Calcium

A

9-11

Can be a diuretic + sedative
HYPO = tetany
HYPER = lower NM excitability
- Deals w/ skeletal m. + nerves
- Inverse to phosphate; same to Vit. D + Magnesium

21
Q

Magnesium
- Relative to other electrolytes

A

Deals w/ heart
1.6 - 2.6 mg/dL

Inverse to phosphate; same to Ca
*Do not give rapid IV, or else CARDIAC ARREST

22
Q

C-reactive protein

A

Released at acute inflammation of heart
- Indicative of increased risk of CAD

23
Q

What enzymes are elevated for pt w/ MI?

A

Elevated Troponin, Myoglobin, Creatine Kinase-MB

24
Q

Digoxin therapeutic levels

A

0.5 - 2

25
Q

What are ESR and CRP indicators of?

A

Inflammation

26
Q

What are ALT and AST indicators of?

A

Liver function

27
Q

Serum Lactate

A

Indicates Anaerobic metabolism is happening = HYPOperfusion
>20 mg/dL = tissue hypoxia

28
Q

Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC) indicates _____?

A

Severity of NEUTROPENIA (WBC deficiency)
<500

29
Q

What is normal BMI and Obese BMI?

A

Normal = 18-24
Obese >30

30
Q

d-dimer is indicative of ______?

A

A protein released into bloodstream when a blood clot ruptures
(in cases of DVT)

31
Q

What is at risk when uric acid levels are elevated?

A

AKI

32
Q

Normal A1C levels
Diabetic range?

A

Normal < 5.9%
Good diabetic control, < 7%

33
Q

Relationship b/w amount of urine and urine specific gravity

A

More urine = lower USG

34
Q

Neonatal hypoglycemia

A

Heel stick 2.2 - 2.5

35
Q

Stages of labor

A

Stage 1
= latent/early (0-5cm dilation)
= Active (0-6cm)

Stage 2 = birth

Stage 3 = maternal recovery + placental expulsion (give Oxytocin)

36
Q

Braxton Hicks

A

False labor (no progression in contractions, effacement, engagement)

  • contractions are relived by activities
37
Q

Oxytocin

A

Uterotonic = Helps with uterine contractions

  • good for regulating bleeding
38
Q

Preterm labor
- Complications of premature babies?
- Tx?

A

Under 37 wks

Premature babies
= low birth weight
= Immature organ development (respiratory distress/Cardiac defects/Necrotizing enterocolitis**)

Treatments
- Magnesium sulfate IF UNDER 32 WEEKS (fetal neuro protection)
- Tocolysis (stop contractions)
- Corticosteroids (rapid lung maturity)
- Abx (GAS prophylaxis)

39
Q

Umbilical prolapse
- Why is it an emergency?
- RFs?

A

when umbilical cord comes out before baby = can suppress fetal oxygenation if baby if cord is compressed

RFs
- Breeched position/Disengagement
- Ruptured membranes/Polyhydramnios

Dx = RAPID CHANGE IN FETAL HR (Bradycardia, severe variable decelerations)

Tx
= Manually push fetal head up
= Knee-to-chest position (gravity helps)

40
Q

Postpartum hemorrhage

A

Due to:
- TONE (uterine atony/weakness post-birth)
- TRAUMA (vagina/cervix)
- TISSUE (placenta BVs are compressed = bleed)
- THROMBIN (clotting problems)

CHECK
1. Perineal pad (>1 pad/hr + large clots)
2. Maternal Sxs = hypotensive

Tx = Oxytocin + Fundal massage (to help uterus clamp down)

41
Q

How to nurse Postpartum depression?

A
  1. Monitor for suicidal or infanticidal thoughts
  2. Observe maternal-newborn interactions
42
Q

Postpartum Psychosis
- Tx?

A

Rapid hormonal changes = psychosis (mania, depressive, hallucinations/delusions)

= Mood stabilizers (Lithium/Valproic acid)
= Antipsychotics
= Benzos (for Insomnia)

43
Q
A

NCLEX (19 decks)

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