Elimination Flashcards
What is the main function of the small intestines? Large intestine?
SI: Absorption of nutrients
LI: Reabsorption of water
- Vit B + K synthesis
Describe the positive feedback of HCl.
Gastrin secreted by G-cells….
> > Production of HCl acid (by parietal cells)»_space; Proton pump releases HCl (mediated by H, K, ATPase)
> > Histamine»_space; binds to H2 receptors (stim. by parietal cells)»_space; Increases HCl production
Foveolar or Goblet cells secrete ______.
Mucous, HCO3
Anatacid
Neutralizes existing avid by increasing stomach pH without decreasing HCl production.
- Sx relief only
- Unscheduled
**2 hours post/pre other PO meds
What 2 drug classes does Magnesium hydroxide (Milk of Magnesia) belong to?
- Antacid
S/e: diarrhea - Saline/Osmotic laxative
- Best for pre-procedure
- 1-3 hours (fast onset)
Bismuth Subsalicylate
(Pepto-Bismol)
- 3 drug classes
- Antacid
- Anti-infective
- Anti-diarrheal
How do PPIs differ from H2-receptors?
PPI has higher efficacy + longer t1/2.
Ranitdine (Zantac)
Selectively inhibits H2-receptor to decrease HCl production (H2-receptor blocker)
*Doesn’t cross BBB = no drowsiness
Complications of diarrhea
- Electrolyte imbalance
- Dehydration
- Malabsorption
Opioids
- S/e
- Contraindications?
Antidiarrheal
S/e: CNS depression
Contraindication: pregnancy, drug abuse
Lomotil (dyphenosylate)
Atropine (Antidiarrheal)
Low dose: OTC
High dose: Rx
Imodium (Loperamide HCl)
- Meperidine + atropine
Atropine (Antidiarrheal)
Metamucil
Bulk forming laxative
- Must take w/ water
- Onset: 1-2 days
Lactulose
Saline + Osmotic laxative
- Best for pre-procedure
- Fast onset: 1-3 hrs
- Contraindication: lactose intolerance
GoLytely
Saline + Osmotic laxative
- Best for pre-procedure
- Fast onset: 1-3 hrs
Ducolax; Senna; Castor oil
Stimulant laxative
**Not first choice for constipation + pre-surgery
S/e: N+V, cramping