Labour

Question 1

How many stages of labour?

Answer 1

3

Question 2

What happens in stage 1 of labour?

Answer 2

Regular uterine contractions –> full dilation of cervix

Question 3

What happens in stage 2 of labour?

Answer 3

Full dilation of cervix –> Delivery of baby

Question 4

What happens in stage 3 of labour?

Answer 4

Delivery of baby –> delivery of placenta

Question 5

How long does stage 3 usually take?

Answer 5

5-10 minutes

Question 6

What is an abnormal time for stage 3 and what does it give risk to?

Answer 6

> 30 mins

Post-partum haemorrhage (PPH)

Question 7

Causes of PPH?

Answer 7

4 Ts 
- Trauma 
-Tissue (retention of placenta) 
-Thrombin 
Tone (Loss of tone in uterus)

Question 8

Factors affecting birth passage?

Answer 8

• Maternal height (short stature)
• Metabolic bone disease (rickets)
• Trauma/fractures

Question 9

What is used to monitor foetal HR and uterine contractions?

Answer 9

CTG

Cardiotocograph

Question 10

What the normal pH of foetal blood?

Answer 10

> 7.5

Question 11

Borderline normal pH of foetal blood?

Answer 11

7.2-7.25

Repeat in 30 mins

Question 12

Abnormal blood pH for foetal blood?

Answer 12

< 7.2

-Delivery via C-section or operative vaginal delivery

Question 13

Screening tests for newborn baby?

Answer 13

• Newborn examination
• Universal hearing screening
• Hip screening
• CF
• Haemoglobinopaties
• Metabolic disease

Question 14

Examples of metabolic diseases which newborns are screened for?

Answer 14

• PKU
• MCADD
• Maple syrup urine disease