Buzzwords/Facts Flashcards
Fluid level behind drum, retracted drum, dull colour?
Otitis media with effusion
Difficulty at school and having to shout loud to hear?
OME
Otitis Media with effusion
Feeling of fullness in ear?
Meniere’s disease
Loss of corneal reflex (+sensorineural hearing loss, vertigo and tinnitus)?
Acoustic neuroma associated with neurofibromatosis type 2
Vertigo on rotation movement of head?
BPPV
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
Battle sign?
Bruising on skull, very specific to mastoid process of temporal bone
Pearly white on otoscopy and foul cheesy discharge?
Cholesteatoma
How soon does head normalcy return after birth?
24 hours
-Babies head is often enlarged immediately post birth due to moulding during passing through the birth canal
What is caput succedaneum?
Diffuse swelling of the scalp caused by the pressure of scalp against the dilating cervix during labour
- May extend over midline
- Maximal at birth, rapid resolution over 24-48 hours
What is cephalohaematoma?
Collection of blood under the periosteum of a skull bone
Details on cephalohaematoma?
Does not cross suture lines
If more than one bone is affected, there will be a separation between the 2 areas at the suture
When does cephalohematoma appear?
24-48 hours after birth
What is facial nerve palsy associated with?
Forceps delivery
-Usually recovers with time
How many babies will have clinical physiological jaundice?
60% of newborns
When is physiological jaundice pathological?
If prolonged after 14 days
What type of infection usually occurs in antenatal period?
Viral
Peri and post natal infections are usually?
Prone to bacterial (usually group B strep)
Which groups are predisposed to fungal infection?
Premature
Immunocompromised
Types of viral infections which occur?
- Cytomegalovirus
- Parvovirus
- Herpes viruses
- Enteroviruses
When do you suspect RDS?
If consolidation is present at all in lungs
Normal baby RR?
40-60
Normal baby HR?
120-140
What is a low birth weight?
Low = <2501g
What is very low birth weight?
<1501g
What would a baby weighing <1001g at birth be classified as?
Extremely low birth weight
Extremely low birth weight?
<1001g
What should be done with placenta in pre-term infants?
Allow for placental transfusion
-Delay clamping the cord for 30s and hold the baby 20cm below mother
Term baby=?
After 37 weeks gestation
Anything before 24 weeks?
Abortion
Clinical features of raised ICP?
- Enlarging head circumference
- Full and subsequently bulging fontanal
- Prominent scalp veins
- Vomiting and poor weight gain
- Irritability
- Setting sun sign
What is a fontanal?
Soft spot between incompletely formed cranial bones
What is setting sun sign?
Sclera visible above irises
Infants anatomy differences to adults?
Flexible ribs
High anterior larynx
If puberty is delayed do what?
Bone x-ray to check for ossification (indicator of end of childhood)
Forceful/high-pitched coughs =?
Whooping cough
Pertussis
Most common cause of resp distress at 5 months is?
Acute bronchiolitis
Congenital toxoplasma and cytomegalovirus both cause?
- Learning difficulties
- jaundice
- Cerebral palsy
- Growth delay
- Cataract
Symptoms of acute epiglottitis?
- Fever
- Sore throat
- Stridor
- Sitting upright in tripod position
- Drooling saliva
What will confirm dysplasia of hip?
USS
Symptoms of congenital hypothyroidism?
- Prolonged jaundice
- Umbilical hernia
- Large protruding tongue
- Bradycardic
- Hyporeflexic
Investigation for congenital hypothyroidism?
Heel prick test (Guthrie)
Investigating bones in neonate use?
USS not x-ray as bones haven’t hardened enough yet
What screens for DDH?
Barlow’s and Ortolani’s manoeuvre
Egg on side appearance of cardiac shadow?
Transposition of great arteries
Mean age of retinoblastoma presnetation?
18 months
Retinoblastoma inheritance?
Autosomal dominant
Presnetation of retinoblastoma?
- Squint
- Lack of red reflex
Children wth tetralogy of fallor presentation?
Ejection systolic murmur Maximum in the pulmonary area
Red flags for abnormal development?
- Asymmetry of movement
- Not reaching for objects by 6 months
- Unable to sit unsupported by 12 months
- Unable to speak/walk by 18 months
