Labelling Theory - Consequences

Question 1

Who are all the sociologists involved in the consequences of labelling theory

Answer 1

Lemert
Becker
Cohen
Braithwaite

Question 2

What two things does Lemert talk about

Answer 2

Primary Deviance
Secondary Deviance

Question 3

What is Primary Deviance

Answer 3

Not publically labelled
Widespread and normalised
Acts do not become part of an individuals identity (do not see themselves as the label)
E.g parking fines

Question 4

What is Secondary Deviance

Answer 4

Labelled publicly causing deviance after the label
Once labelled, only see themselves as the label (master status)
Stigmatised and shunned by society
Can lead to a SFP
E.g Murderer

Question 5

What does Becker talk about as a consequence of labelling criminals and what is it

Answer 5

Deviance career
Individual/ group rejected wider society due to label and accept and conform to deviant identity - creates criminal subculture and seek each other for comfort
E.g Pedophiles, sex offenders

Question 6

What is Jack Youngs study that highlights the consequences of primary and secondary deviance and involved the use of drugs

Answer 6

The Drug takes ‘Hippies of Notting hill’

Question 7

What 2 things does Cohen talk about with the consequences of labelling

Answer 7

Moral Panic
Folk devils

Question 8

What is a moral panic

Answer 8

an irrational widespread fear because of a breakdown in morals in a particular group, exaggerated by media

Question 9

What are Folk Devils

Answer 9

Groups that are demonised and negatively labelled by the media - blamed for deviance in society

Question 10

What is a key study for moral panic and folk devils

Answer 10

Mods and Rockers

Question 11

What is the Deviancy Amplification spiral

Answer 11

When labelling others, attempts to reduce crime actually do the opposite and amplify it

Question 12

What 2 things did Braithwaite talk about

Answer 12

Reintegrative shaming
Disintegrative shaming

Question 13

What is Disintegrative shaming

Answer 13

When people label the crime and the offender - isolating the offender

Question 14

What is Reintegrative shaming

Answer 14

Labelling the act and not the offender
Avoids stigmatising the individual while making them aware of the negative impact of their actions
Avoids pushing them into secondary deviance
Crime rates are lower in societies that use this shaming

Question 15

What is one positive about Lemerts idea of primary and secondary deviance

Answer 15

Helps understand how labelling causes more crime and how it can exclude individuals

Question 16

What is two positives of Braithwaites idea of shaming

Answer 16

Explains positive effect of labelling if done in the right way - integrative
Influences policy and effective in decreasing crime rates in Sweden

Question 17

What are 2 general criticism of the labelling theory - consequences

Answer 17

Functionalists- societies hostile reaction prevents further crime as it reminds people of boundary maintenance
Marxism - Good that it recognises power in creating deviance but only focuses on those who apply the label (police) rather than those who create it (RC)

Question 18

What is a criticism of Beckers deviance career theory

Answer 18

Deterministic - suggesting it will further lead to deviant career and ignoring people who reject the label and do not conform

Question 19

What is a criticism of Lemerts theory of deviance

Answer 19

Fails to explain why people commit crime in the first place

Question 20

What is a criticism of Braithwaites theory of shaming

Answer 20

RR - labelling theory makes offender seem as a victim rather than the real victim