Crime Prevention and Control: Strategies Flashcards
How would functionalists tackle crime
Hirschi: crime is caused when bnds to society weaken - solution = is to make sure individuals are socialised into strong nuclear family + attached to society
Functionalism: warning light, boundary maintenance, adaptation and safety valve, strain
How would RR tackle crime
Rational choice = increase risk = decrease crime rate
Broken windows theory - Wilson and Kelling
Zero tolerance and target hardening
How would Labelling theorists tackle crime
Braithewaite - CJS should use reintegrative shaming to prevent further deviance
Tackle discriminatory policing
How would LR tackle crime
RR causes military policing
Commnity policing and multi-agency approach to tackle structural causes
How would Marxists tackle crime
Problem is structural - capitalism eeds abolishing = stop proletariet from committing crime for necessity and B from greed
How would Neo-marxists tackle crime
If society was fairer then wc wouldnt fell need to commit crime to redistrute wealth
What are the three approaches to tackling crime which we look at in detail
Situational crime prevention
Environmental crime prevention
Social and community crime prevention
What is meant by Situatinal crime prevention
Pre-emptive approach - aims to reduce opportunity for crime
Making changes in the immediate environment to increase both the effort of the commiting the crime and risk of being caught/ punished - stops people thinking crime is a rational choice
What is the definition of target hardening
Making something less of a target = more difficult to commit crime against
e.g locking doors and windows, CCTV, security guards
What case study did Felson look at for situational crime prevention
Buss terminal badly designed and made crime easier to commit (rough sleeping, drug dealing)
Environment changed to design crime out - replacing large sinks with smaller ones to stop homeless form washing in them
How is situationl crime focusing on opportunistic crime a negative thing
ignores state, green and WCC deemed more harmful
What are two other evaluations of situational crime prevention
It assumes criminals make a rational choice - not useful in preventing impulsive crimes
Ignores root cause of crime as poverty or por socialisation
For an evaluation for situational crime prevention, what is meant by types of displacement
SCP does not decrease crime but moves it to areas where targets are ‘softer’
What are the 5 types of displacement
Spartial: move somewhere else
Temporal: committing it at a different time
Target: choosing a diff V
Tactical: committing the same crime using a diff method
Functional: committing a diff offence alltogether
What is the example of the negatives of situational crime prevention - displacement
Found the crack down on robberies on the NYC subway simply moved them to the streets above
What is the example of the SCP working and no displacement occured
British suicide by gas but gas changed to less toxic natural gas = suicide by gas decreased to nearly and zero overall suicide rate decreased
What is meant by Environmental crime prevention
Making the environment where deviant behaviour occurs is cleared quickly to prevent a downward decline of criminal behaviour occuring
Which two theories are involved in Environmental crime prevention
Broken windows
Zero tolerance - to clear up ‘broken windows’ theory
What case study showed that Environmental crime prevention worked
Clean car programme - New York on the subway
- any trains with graffiti on them would be cleaned up immediatelty
- Successful in reduce fare dodging, drug dealing and begging
What is a negative evaluation of the clean car programme
Zero tolerane was not the cause of improvement
it was: decline in cocaine avaliability, unemployement started to drop, 7,000 extra officers
What is the aim of the Social and Community crime prevention
To deal with root cause of offending and not just reeducing the opportunity to commit crime
What do the Social and Community crime prevention group think the solution to tackling crime is
Crimes are often rooted in social conditions such as poverty
Solution = social reform programmes to reduce crime
What is the name of the case study/research for the Social and Community crime prevention
The Perry Pre-school project
What is the Perry Pre-school project for Social and Community crime prevention and what were the results
3-4 year olds offered 2 year long enrichment programme and weekly home vists
For Black disadvantaged children in Michigan
Found: children had significantly feweer lifetime arrests for violent, property and drug crimes by age 40
Graduated from high school and in employment
Every dollar spent = $17 saved on welfare, prison and other costs
What is one evaluation for the Perry Pre-school project
More costly but does save money in the long run
What are three main evaluation points for Social and Community crime prevention
These methods only deal with low level crimes of wc
Marxists - do not focus on crimes of the powerful which they would argue is more harmful
Also ignores state and green crime
