Lab Q3 Flashcards by Andrew Gaines

What type of system do we have?

Closed system: blood circulates continuously

•Fluid is confined to blood vessels

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What are arteries?

carry blood away or out from the heart

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Arterioles?

small blood vessels that carry blood away from heart

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Capillaries?

very thin blood vessels where the gas and nutrient exchange occurs, brings blood throughout the tissues of the body.

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Venules?

small blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart

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Veins?

Large/medium blood vessels that carry blood to the heart

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What are some functions of blood?

Transport of nutrients, gases and wastes
•Maintenance of a proper internal environment (ie. Hormones)
•Protection of the organism against disease (White blood cells)

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Every day it beats ——- times and sends ——-gallons of blood throughout the body.

100,000 times and sends 2,000 gallons of blood throughout the body.

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We have about how many quarts of blood? which circulates through the body how many times a minute?

5.6L (6quarts) of blood, which circulates through the body 3 times every minute.

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How much blood is pumped with each heartbeat?

70ml/beat

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How many miles of blood vessels do we have?

60,000 miles of blood vessels

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What is the heart contained in? And what separates it

It is contained within a loose sac called the pericardium. A thin film of fluid lies between the heart and the pericardium. Prevents friction.

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Superior vena cava?

brings blood from upper body to the heart

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Inferior vena cava?

brings blood from lower body to the heart

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Aorta?

Biggest blood vessel in the body, carries oxygenated blood out to the body

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Pulmonary Arteries?

Carries blood from the heart to the lungs

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Pulmonary Veins and how many?

Carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart

•2 right pulmonary veins and 2 left pulmonary veins

What is the primary function of the heart?

pumps blood that carys oxygen, nutrients, white blood cells, hormones, and waste products.

Which side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs?

Right

Which side pumps blood through the aorta and to the entire body?

Left

Why are heart valves important for the efficiency of the circulatory system?

They allow flow in only one direction through the heart.

Atrioventricular valves (AV valves)?

Allow blood to flow from the Atria into the Ventricle. As the ventricle relaxes these valves open and blood flows in from the Atria. As the ventricle contracts it pushes blood against AV valves forcing them closed.

Mitral valve

Left Atrium and Left Ventricle

Tricuspid valve

Right Atrium and Right Ventricle

Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located and what does it do?

Valve opens as the ventricle contracts pushing blood from the right ventricle into the Pulmonary artery.

What direction do veins and arteries move the blood?

Veins toward the heart, arteries away from the heart

Explain systolic and diastolic blood pressure measured in a spigmomanometer

Systolic: top number, measures the pressure in the arteries when the heart beats (muscle contracts) Diastolic: bottom number, measures the pressure in the arteries between heartbeats (when the heart muscle is resting between beats and refilling with blood)

Heart Murmur?

is an extra or unusual sound heard during the heartbeat. Can be faint or loud. Most murmurs are harmless.

Cardiac Arrhythmia?

is a problem with the rate or rhythm of the heartbeat. The heart can beat too fast, too slow or with an irregular rhythm.

What treatment is used for cardiac arrhythmia and why is this needed?

The heart may not be able to pump enough blood to the body so Treatment is pacemaker-small device placed in chest or abdomen to help control abnormal heart rhythms. Device uses electrical pulses to prompt the heart to beat at a normal rate.

•Atherosclerosis?

disease in which plaque builds up inside your arteries. Over time the plaque hardens and narrows your arteries. This limits the flow of O2 rich blood to your body.

What is plaque made of?

Plaque is made up of fat, cholesterol, calcium and other substances in your blood.

What are the risk factors for atherosclerosis?

Heart attack, stroke, death

What part of the body is affected by coronary heart disease?why?

Heart begins to die. Occurs if plaque builds up in the coronary arteries. (Supply O2 to heart muscle) •Reduces blood flow to heart muscle. Also more likely blood clots will occur in arteries

What is a heart attack?

the flow of O2 to a section of heart muscle becomes blocked and the heart can’t get O2. Blood clot forms and can completely block blood flow through the coronary artery. If not treated quickly that part of the heart muscle dies and tissue is replaced with scar tissue.

Stroke?

Occurs when the flow of O2 rich blood to a portion of the brain is blocked. Without oxygen, brain cells start to die after a few minutes. Sudden bleeding in the brain can also cause a stroke.

What does fast stand for?

Face Arms Speech Time

What is an Aneurysm?

Balloon-like bulge in an artery. The force of blood pushing against the weakened or injured wall can lead to an aneurysm.

Can an aneurysm be treated?

Medicine or surgery if cought early.

What are two treatments for coronary heart disease?

Stent- improve blood flow | Bypass surgery- connects new arteries