Exam 1

Question 1

Covalent bond?

Answer 1

Two atoms, share electrons, completing there outer orbit

Question 2

What are the different types of macromolecules?

Answer 2

Carbs, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

Question 3

What’s an ionic bond?

Answer 3

Ionic compounds attracted between negative and positive charged ions

Question 4

What kind of molecules do carbohydrates have?

Answer 4

single sugars or multiple sugar molecules bonded together into polymers.

Question 5

What are the three types of carbohydrates?

Answer 5

They are monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides

Question 6

How are macromolecules used in animal life?

Answer 6

rray of functions necessary for the survival and growth of living organisms

Question 7

What are macromolecules

Answer 7

Many molecules joined together

Question 8

What are the types of lipids?

Answer 8

Oils
Fats
Phospholipids
Steroids

Question 9

What’s the diff of saturated and unsaturated fats?

Answer 9

Saturated fats-insoluble(hydrophobic)/hydrogen bond/no double bonds.
Unsaturated fats-have double bond/lower melting points

Question 10

What are fats made of and what are they called?

Answer 10

Made of glycerol and fatty acids. Fats called triglycerides

Question 11

What are the sources of saturated fats?

Answer 11

Animal based/ milk, butter, ice cream, red meat, poultry.

Question 12

What are the sources of unsaturated fats?

Answer 12

Vegetable oils, nuts, avocados, fish

Question 13

What’s are monosaccharide carbohydrates?

Answer 13

Simple sugars, glucose, fructose

Question 14

What are examples of disaccharide carbohydrates?

Answer 14

Lactos, maltose, sucrose, sugar beeds (glucose + fructose)

Question 15

What are polysaccharide carbs and structural polysaccharides?

Answer 15

Long polymer or chains of monosaccharides, starch, glycogen, potatoes.
Structural is cellulose and chitin

Question 16

What are examples and what is chitin.

Answer 16

Structural polysaccharide exoskeleton. Insects crabs lobsters

Question 17

What is glycogen?

Answer 17

Polysaccharide stores energy in the liver

Question 18

What is a disaccharide carb?

Answer 18

2 monosaccharides joined during dehydration reaction.

Question 19

What are the types of Lipids?

Answer 19

. Insoluble in water 
. Oils- plant origin 
. Fats- animal origin 
. Phospholipids- components of cellular membranes 
. Steroids- cholesterol

Question 20

Proteins make up how much percent of the weight of cells?

Answer 20

50%

Question 21

What do we use proteins for?

Answer 21

Support, storage, movement of material, signals, communication

Question 22

What does the protein, enzyme, do?

Answer 22

Speeds up chemical reaction, forms or breaks down molecules

Question 23

Why can’t we have King Kong cells?

Answer 23

Surface area to volume ratio

Question 24

Nucleus?

Answer 24

DNA,chromosomes, nucleolus, makes ribosomes

Question 25

Ribosomes?

Answer 25

Proteins, enzymes, alone or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum, antibiotic targets for bacteria.

Question 26

Rough Endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 26

ribosomes attached, manufactures protein, makes the cell membrane

Question 27

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 27

Makes lipids steroids, processes carbs, detoxifies drugs by adding OH molecule.

Question 28

Golgi body?

Answer 28

Pita bread, manufacture, separate, produce vesicles and lysosomes.

Question 29

Vesicles and lysosomes?

Answer 29

Bubbles with enzymes, digest micro molecules, bacteria, cell parts

Question 30

What dissolves webbed toes in human embryos?

Answer 30

Vesicles

Question 31

Cilia?

Answer 31

Cilia- small membrane tubes like hairs, found in fallopian tubes, respirating system.

Question 32

Flagella?

Answer 32

Membrane bound tail, sperm

Question 33

Vacuole?

Answer 33

Bubbles, hold water, salts. Plants hold pigments and toxins

Question 34

What makes the animals move to bush to bush?

Answer 34

Toxic vacuole

Question 35

Mitochondria?

Answer 35

Power house for cell-ATP

Question 36

Chloroplasts?

Answer 36

Plants only- photosynthesis

Question 37

Cell membrane?

Answer 37

surrounds the cell. Allows permission to pass or not

Question 38

Cell wall?

Answer 38

Cellulose, structure

Question 39

What is diffusion?

Answer 39

Movement of substance from hi to low concentration. Salt in coffee

Question 40

What is osmosis?

Answer 40

Movement to a higher concentration thus equalizing both concentrations

Question 41

What are phospholipids?

Answer 41

Hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail. Made up of two fatty acids attached to the glycerol head.

Question 42

Proteins?

Answer 42

Controls movement of substances, helps with communication, if receptor binds to substance it changes the cells function- hormones

Question 43

What does an enzyme do?

Answer 43

Speed up chemical reactions

Question 44

What's recognition?

Answer 44

Recognizing self from non self cels

Question 45

Lysosomes?

Answer 45

Digest macromolecules, bacteria, cell parts

Question 46

What organelle allows the cell to move?

Answer 46

Calla, flagella

Question 47

What's the main difference in plant and animal cells?

Answer 47

Animal cells don't have a cell wall, chloroplast, plastids and plant cells don't have cilia

Question 48

What can and cannot pass through the cell membrane?

Answer 48

Small and non polar molecules can pass. | Charged ions and large molecules, such as proteins and sugars, cannot pass.

Question 49

Cell-recognition protein?

Answer 49

Cell communication and defense

Question 50

Channel protein

Answer 50

Allows transport of specific substances

Question 51

Carrier protein?

Answer 51

Assists in the movement of substances by facilitated diffusion or active transport.

Question 52

Receptor protein?

Answer 52

Catches stuff to bring in the cell

Question 53

Enzymatic protein?

Answer 53

Speeds up chemical reactions