Exam 1 Flashcards
Covalent bond?
Two atoms, share electrons, completing there outer orbit
What are the different types of macromolecules?
Carbs, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
What’s an ionic bond?
Ionic compounds attracted between negative and positive charged ions
What kind of molecules do carbohydrates have?
single sugars or multiple sugar molecules bonded together into polymers.
What are the three types of carbohydrates?
They are monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides
How are macromolecules used in animal life?
rray of functions necessary for the survival and growth of living organisms
What are macromolecules
Many molecules joined together
What are the types of lipids?
Oils
Fats
Phospholipids
Steroids
What’s the diff of saturated and unsaturated fats?
Saturated fats-insoluble(hydrophobic)/hydrogen bond/no double bonds.
Unsaturated fats-have double bond/lower melting points
What are fats made of and what are they called?
Made of glycerol and fatty acids. Fats called triglycerides
What are the sources of saturated fats?
Animal based/ milk, butter, ice cream, red meat, poultry.
What are the sources of unsaturated fats?
Vegetable oils, nuts, avocados, fish
What’s are monosaccharide carbohydrates?
Simple sugars, glucose, fructose
What are examples of disaccharide carbohydrates?
Lactos, maltose, sucrose, sugar beeds (glucose + fructose)
What are polysaccharide carbs and structural polysaccharides?
Long polymer or chains of monosaccharides, starch, glycogen, potatoes.
Structural is cellulose and chitin
What are examples and what is chitin.
Structural polysaccharide exoskeleton. Insects crabs lobsters
What is glycogen?
Polysaccharide stores energy in the liver
What is a disaccharide carb?
2 monosaccharides joined during dehydration reaction.
What are the types of Lipids?
. Insoluble in water . Oils- plant origin . Fats- animal origin . Phospholipids- components of cellular membranes . Steroids- cholesterol
Proteins make up how much percent of the weight of cells?
50%
What do we use proteins for?
Support, storage, movement of material, signals, communication
What does the protein, enzyme, do?
Speeds up chemical reaction, forms or breaks down molecules
Why can’t we have King Kong cells?
Surface area to volume ratio
Nucleus?
DNA,chromosomes, nucleolus, makes ribosomes
Ribosomes?
Proteins, enzymes, alone or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum, antibiotic targets for bacteria.
Rough Endoplasmic reticulum?
ribosomes attached, manufactures protein, makes the cell membrane
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Makes lipids steroids, processes carbs, detoxifies drugs by adding OH molecule.
Golgi body?
Pita bread, manufacture, separate, produce vesicles and lysosomes.
Vesicles and lysosomes?
Bubbles with enzymes, digest micro molecules, bacteria, cell parts
What dissolves webbed toes in human embryos?
Vesicles
Cilia?
Cilia- small membrane tubes like hairs, found in fallopian tubes, respirating system.
Flagella?
Membrane bound tail, sperm
Vacuole?
Bubbles, hold water, salts. Plants hold pigments and toxins
What makes the animals move to bush to bush?
Toxic vacuole
Mitochondria?
Power house for cell-ATP
Chloroplasts?
Plants only- photosynthesis
Cell membrane?
surrounds the cell. Allows permission to pass or not
Cell wall?
Cellulose, structure
What is diffusion?
Movement of substance from hi to low concentration. Salt in coffee
What is osmosis?
Movement to a higher concentration thus equalizing both concentrations
What are phospholipids?
Hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail. Made up of two fatty acids attached to the glycerol head.
Proteins?
Controls movement of substances, helps with communication, if receptor binds to substance it changes the cells function- hormones
What does an enzyme do?
Speed up chemical reactions
What’s recognition?
Recognizing self from non self cels
Lysosomes?
Digest macromolecules, bacteria, cell parts
What organelle allows the cell to move?
Calla, flagella
What’s the main difference in plant and animal cells?
Animal cells don’t have a cell wall, chloroplast, plastids and plant cells don’t have cilia
What can and cannot pass through the cell membrane?
Small and non polar molecules can pass.
Charged ions and large molecules, such as proteins and sugars, cannot pass.
Cell-recognition protein?
Cell communication and defense
Channel protein
Allows transport of specific substances
Carrier protein?
Assists in the movement of substances by facilitated diffusion or active transport.
Receptor protein?
Catches stuff to bring in the cell
Enzymatic protein?
Speeds up chemical reactions
