Genetics

Question 1

What does cholesterol do to the cell membrane?

Answer 1

Cholesterol binds the cell membrane

Question 2

What is endocytosis?

Answer 2

Sends in the cell, phagocytosis- to eat.
Uses vesicles
Pinocytosis-to drink

Question 3

Exocytosis?

Answer 3

Sends vesicle to outside of cell.

Tears, neurotransmitters

Question 4

What does microvilli do?

Answer 4

Increase surface area and is able to absorb more material

Intestines absorb

Question 5

What is the difference between a DNA molecule, a chromosome, and a gene?

Answer 5

DNA-molecule
Chromosome- composed of
Gene- piece of the chromosome

Question 6

1 chromosome=how many DNA molecules?

Answer 6

1

Question 7

How many chromosomes in a human?

Answer 7

46

Question 8

How many cells do sperm and egg have?

Answer 8

23

Question 9

How many cells in a potato?

Answer 9

48

Question 10

How many cells in a house fly?

Answer 10

12

Question 11

How many cells in a hydra?

Answer 11

32

Question 12

What are the two kinds of chromosomes and what does each contribute?

Answer 12

Autosomes-genetic hereditary info

Sex chromosomes- certain genetic traits linked to a persons sex

Question 13

Male is what variables?

Answer 13

Xy

Question 14

Female is what variables?

Answer 14

xx

Question 15

What is a genotype?

Answer 15

2 alleles inherited for a specific gene

Question 16

Genetic composition is to ——–

Physical composition is to——–

Answer 16

Genotype

Pheonotype

Question 17

What are the two ways cells divide and explain each

Answer 17

Mitosis- 1 cell division, creates two daughter cells with 4 chromosomes in each.
Meiosis- 2 divisions, result is 4 daughter cells, 2 chromosomes in each

Question 18

Who came up with the DNA model?

Answer 18

Watson and crick along with Franklin

Question 19

What is the DNA molecule composed of and explain

Answer 19

Sugar phosphate backbone and rungs, which are nucleotide bases.

Question 20

What is binary fission in bacteria?

Answer 20

Mitosis

Question 21

What recognizes it’s self from self and non self cels?

Answer 21

Sugar chains, carbohydrates.

Question 22

What is the role of transcription?

Answer 22

Makes RNA from DNA

Question 23

What is the role of translation?

Answer 23

Makes protein based on info in mRNA.

Question 24

What does RNA do?

Answer 24

Messenger RNA moves into the nucleus, translates the DNA instead of thymine. Once it translates it moves out of the nucleus.

Question 25

How many nucleotides make up an amino acid in DNA?

Answer 25

3

Question 26

What is a codon?

Answer 26

3 bases into 1 amino acid. AUGC

Question 27

What is point mutation and what disease does it cause?

Answer 27

1 amino acid is incorrect. | Causes sickle cell anemia

Question 28

What is a frame shift?

Answer 28

Many amino acids change

Question 29

What is silent mutation?

Answer 29

Protein is fine

Question 30

Why did sickle cell anemia develop?

Answer 30

Hemaglobin S in red blood cells. Causes them to turn banana shaped and clog

Question 31

What is the difference between mutagen and mutation?

Answer 31

Mutagen is a physical or chemical agent that changes DNA, increasing frequency of mutations

Question 32

What is an allele?

Answer 32

The fraction of all chromosomes in the population that carry that allele

Question 33

Example in sex linked trait?

Answer 33

Red green color blindness found in men,x mostly

Question 34

What is difference of homozygous, and heterozygous?

Answer 34

Homo- two of the same alleles. RR or rr | Hetero- two diff alleles. Rr