Genetics Flashcards
What does cholesterol do to the cell membrane?
Cholesterol binds the cell membrane
What is endocytosis?
Sends in the cell, phagocytosis- to eat.
Uses vesicles
Pinocytosis-to drink
Exocytosis?
Sends vesicle to outside of cell.
Tears, neurotransmitters
What does microvilli do?
Increase surface area and is able to absorb more material
Intestines absorb
What is the difference between a DNA molecule, a chromosome, and a gene?
DNA-molecule
Chromosome- composed of
Gene- piece of the chromosome
1 chromosome=how many DNA molecules?
1
How many chromosomes in a human?
46
How many cells do sperm and egg have?
23
How many cells in a potato?
48
How many cells in a house fly?
12
How many cells in a hydra?
32
What are the two kinds of chromosomes and what does each contribute?
Autosomes-genetic hereditary info
Sex chromosomes- certain genetic traits linked to a persons sex
Male is what variables?
Xy
Female is what variables?
xx
What is a genotype?
2 alleles inherited for a specific gene
Genetic composition is to ——–
Physical composition is to——–
Genotype
Pheonotype
What are the two ways cells divide and explain each
Mitosis- 1 cell division, creates two daughter cells with 4 chromosomes in each.
Meiosis- 2 divisions, result is 4 daughter cells, 2 chromosomes in each
Who came up with the DNA model?
Watson and crick along with Franklin
What is the DNA molecule composed of and explain
Sugar phosphate backbone and rungs, which are nucleotide bases.
What is binary fission in bacteria?
Mitosis
What recognizes it’s self from self and non self cels?
Sugar chains, carbohydrates.
What is the role of transcription?
Makes RNA from DNA
What is the role of translation?
Makes protein based on info in mRNA.
What does RNA do?
Messenger RNA moves into the nucleus, translates the DNA instead of thymine. Once it translates it moves out of the nucleus.
How many nucleotides make up an amino acid in DNA?
3
What is a codon?
3 bases into 1 amino acid. AUGC
What is point mutation and what disease does it cause?
1 amino acid is incorrect.
Causes sickle cell anemia
What is a frame shift?
Many amino acids change
What is silent mutation?
Protein is fine
Why did sickle cell anemia develop?
Hemaglobin S in red blood cells. Causes them to turn banana shaped and clog
What is the difference between mutagen and mutation?
Mutagen is a physical or chemical agent that changes DNA, increasing frequency of mutations
What is an allele?
The fraction of all chromosomes in the population that carry that allele
Example in sex linked trait?
Red green color blindness found in men,x mostly
What is difference of homozygous, and heterozygous?
Homo- two of the same alleles. RR or rr
Hetero- two diff alleles. Rr
