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Bio Test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Fast food problems?

A

Palm oil
HFCS- high fructose corn syrup
Access easy

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2
Q

Sedentary life style

A

Driving, tv, computer, phones, video games

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3
Q

Why do we overeat?

A 
Stress
Portion size 
Variety
Boredom
Sweetness 
Culture
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4
Q

Inhibitions to hunger

A 
Heat, cold, extremes 
Extreme exercise 
Emotions- fear, anger, pain
Depression 
Drugs, poisons- toxins
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5
Q

How many people are overweight or obese

A

2/3 overweight 1/3 obese

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6
Q

Organic and not

A 
No pesticides- use other insects, oils, diatomaceous earth
No herbicides 
Use natural fertilizer 
Manure
Compost
Green crops
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7
Q

Why are pesticide residues a problem?

A

They store in fat, breast tissue.

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8
Q

Who did we give DDT to?

A

South America where we get our veggies and fruit

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9
Q

Why are children more at risk with pesticides?

A

Eat more in relegation to body size.
Pesticides are for a 160 pound person.
Kids store pesticides in their organs

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10
Q

Most contaminated

A 
Apples 
Apricots
Cantaloupe
Celery
Cucumbers
Fresh peaches
Grapes
Green and red bell peppers
Pears
Soybeans
U.S. Cherries
U.S. Frozen/fresh winter squash 
U.S. Green beans
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11
Q

Least contaminated

A 
Advocados
Bananas
Broccoli
Brussels sprouts
Canned peaches
Cauliflower
Frozen or canned corn
Milk
Onions
Sweet potatoes
U.S. Broccoli 
U.s. Orange juice 
Watermelons
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12
Q

What are ways they grow organic?

A

No pesticides- use insects, oils
Natural fertilizer
Manure
Compost

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13
Q

SA and AV nodes

A

SA- in right atrium, atria contracts simultaneously allowing an electrical impulse that sets the rhythm of your heart(pulse).
AV- sets the rhythm of heart contractions, delays so blood fills up. Causes ventricles to contract simultaneously.

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14
Q

Purknje fibers-

A

Purkinje fibers allow the heart’s conduction system to create synchronized contractions of its ventricles, and are, therefore, essential for maintaining a consistent heart rhythm.

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15
Q

Describe the EKG

A

The electrocardiogram
P- excitation of atria- prior to contraction. Arterial depolarization
Q,R,S- excitation of ventricles, also atria relaxes. Onset of ventricular depolorization.
T- relaxation of ventricles. Replorization

Systole- ventricle contraction
Diastole- ventricle relaxation

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16
Q

Myocardial infarction_

A

Heart attack
Clogged coronary artery
Help- stent. Balloon but can cause another block somewhere else, bypass

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17
Q

Stroke

A

Cerebral vascular accident

  • clogged artery in brain
  • aneurysm- bulging vessels, Dacron stretchy
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18
Q

Arrhythmias

A 
Malfunction of hearts electrical system 
- pace maker takes over SA node
-tachycardia- fast heart rate, not getting the pause, insufficient blood flow.
Bradycardia- slow heart rate, 60bpm
72 bpm normal
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19
Q

Foramen ovale-

A

Hole between atria

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20
Q

Ductus arteriosus

A

Hole between the vessels. When open patent DA

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21
Q

Ventricular septa defect

A

Hole between ventricles

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22
Q

Problems of transportation of vessels in the heart

A

Pulmonary artery attached to LV- lung originated

Aorta attached to RV- no lungs, deoxygenated

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23
Q

Hypertension

A

High blood pressure.

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24
Q

What’s considered normal and high blood pressure?

A

Normal- Lower then 120/80

High- 140/90 or above

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25
Why is hypertension dangerous?
1) enlarged left ventricle- congestive heart failure 2) strokes, aneurysms 3) myocardial infarction 4) kidney disease
26
Why we need salt?
Muscle contractions and neuron communications
27
Yanamamo Indians
Lowest salt consumption 10mg a day 95/61
28
Akita province, Japan
Highest salt intake .27g a day 151/93 99% die before 70, strokes
29
African Americans
``` 10x risk dying of high blood pressure Age 50 hypertensive Slave trade, loss of sweat Created super efficient kidneys More salt more water. Water increase blood volume. ```
30
Chimps
``` 1 group normal salt intake 1 group increased 15g a day After two years 7/10 blood pressure rose 3 refused two eat 3 remained normal ```
31
High salty foods?
``` Canned soup Fries Ramen Hamburger Ketchup V8 Soy sauce ```
32
How much salt we need and actually consume a day
2.4 is healthy | 5-12 is average
33
Why is red bone marrow important?
``` Found in spongy bone Makes: Red blood cells- carry oxygen and glucose Platelets- clotting Whit blood cells- immune system ```
34
The 5 types of wbc and explain each
Neutrophilis- indicate bacterial infection Lymphocytes- memory of past invaders, viral, bacterial Monocytes- viral infections, pass through blood vessels, kill by phagocytosis. Eosinophil- parisitic infection, allergies Basophils- allergic reaction
35
What white blood cells are generalists and specific defense
Every one besides lymphocytes are generalists- attack any bacteria. Lymphocytes are a specific defense blood cell that produces antibodies that recognize
36
What are the diff types of T cells found in lymphocytes?
``` Memory T- recognize past invaders Helper T- stimulate killer T cells (t4) Suppressor T- inhibit killer T cells Killer T- kill invader ( antigen) Antigen protein not recognized by body ```
37
What do the non specific wbc do?
Barrier defense system Skin- keratinized, layer, sebum oil Respitory system- hairs, nasal, cilia + mucus- tubes Stomach- produces acid Complement system proteins Protein jabs holes in bacteria, water fills in and bacteria blows up Inflammation system Swelling, hot, throbbing red, due to bringing in blood quickly
38
What does CBC stand for
Complete blood count
39
Types of immunity
Takes 2 weeks from birth to establish T cells Passive immunity- mothers milk, placenta Active immunity- vaccinations, non virulent microbe
40
Where is the herpies and chicken pox virus found in the body?
Hides in spinal chord
41
What are auto immune and immune suppressed diseases?
Auto immune- body hacking itself Lupus, crohns, ms, rhewmatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes Imuneosupressed- hiv AIDS, chemotherapy, organ transplant
42
What are allergies and examples
Allergen- harmless substance that provokes the immune system. Pollen, insect venom, nuts, dust, shellfish, mites, animal, dandert, protein, foods, metals, cosmetic, perfumes
43
What's an epipen?
Epinephrine adrenaline
44
Tags with antibodies?
IGE- protein antibody that attaches to a mast cell in respitory or GI tract. Mast cell explodes, creates histamines which cause inflammation- leads to asthma, anaphylactic shock caused by insect venom, latex, shellfish nuts cause create a lot of histamine
45
What does tetnis do to body?
Causes body to contract, lock jaw, spine locks up
46
2012 statistics of deaths
1) ischaemic heart disease 2) stroke 3) respitory disease 4) HIV, AIDS 5) diarrhea 6) diabetes 7) road injury 8) hypertension
47
What is diff of HIV and AIDS
HIV- human Imuno deficiency virus AIDS- disease HIV attacks T4 cells (1000) until (400) are left and u get AIDS
48
What is anthrax, where is it found, and what are the forms
Spore forming bacteria Occurs in cattle, sheep, goats, antelope, camels In South America, south east Europe, Asia, Africa, Caribbean 3 forms- cutaneous 20% fatal Gastrointeinal 20-60% fatal Inhalation- 99.9% fatal
49
Ebola
Ebola- virus spread through mucous. Possibly came from monkeys- vector- transporting organism
50
Lyme disease
Bacteria- passed by ticks on deer
51
HIV-
Passed through blood, mucus
52
Cholera-
Bacteria- contaminated water, shellfish
53
Hantavirus
Passed by deer mice, through blood, mucus, feces and urine- pulmonary syndrome
54
Diphtheria-
bacteria spread by mucus. Increased due to lack of vaccinations. dPT shots
55
Pertussis
Whooping cough, bacteria, bordetella pertussis New borne after 2 months get vaccinated Increase due to lack of vaccinations
56
Rabies-
Virus passed by animal mucus | Increase lack of travel and vaccinations
57
Measles
Virus, human contact, lack of vaccinations
58
Anthrax-
Bacteria animals to humans
59
Yellow fever-
Virus passed by mosquitos
60
Malaria
Parasite
61
Tuberculous
Bacteria passed by Human mucus due to increased immigration

Biology (21 decks)

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