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Bio Lecture Final Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Types of biome/ecosystem

A 
GOTDTE
Open ocean
Tundra
Desert
Grass land
Tropical forests 
Estuaries and marshes
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2
Q

Productivity-

A

amount of biomass produced per area, compared to another biome

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3
Q

What is the most diverse area

A

Swamp and marshes

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4
Q

Trophic levels

A

Producers
Consumers- primary herbivore, secondary carnivore, tertiary omnivores
Decomposers- ants

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5
Q 
Extinct-ex
Extripated- ex
Endangered-
Threatened-
Species of special concern-
A

Extinct- gone forever- dodo bird-germinate seeds of calvaria tree
Extripated- gone from area- wolves- grizzly bear
Endangered- becoming extinct
Threatened- close to becoming endangered
Species of special concern- uncommon

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6
Q

What’s bio magnification

A

Increasing toxic chemical in tissue of animals

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7
Q

Why does energy decrease in tropic levels

A

Energy is lost as metabolic heat when organisms are consumed from a higher level

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8
Q

Why is the carbon cycle important and where does it come from

A

Ecosystems move carbon from the atmosphere and oceans into organisms and back again to atmosphere and oceans.

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9
Q

Species richness-
Equitability-
Diversity-

A

Species richness- number of species
Equitability- the extent of the representation by equal numbers of individuals of the different species of a given community.
Diversity- difference of species

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10
Q

Most and least productive biomes?

A

Most tropical forest

Least desert

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11
Q

Why should we protect species?

A 
Medical reasons
Ecological connections
Food web alteration
Responsibility to save them
Future
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12
Q

Why should we not protect species

A

$, time, natural selection vs humans

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13
Q

What are some threatened and endangered species of Colorado

A 
Burrowing owls
Desert cottontail 
Jack rabbit
Red tail hawk
Kangaroo rat
Golden eagle 
Kit fox
Black footed ferrets
Perry dog
Whooping crane- used feathers for hats
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14
Q

Things learned from the movie

A 
Bees for pollination 
Crabs- no endotoxins
Coral- possibilities for surgery
Blue green algae- anti inflamitory, cancer treatment
Snails- pain meds
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15
Q

Endangered in co river-

A 
Pike minnow
Bony tail chub
Humpback chub
Razorback sucker
American river otter- reintroduced
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16
Q

Where in US do we find types of grasslands and what are their characteristics

A

Kansas, Nebraska, Oklahoma- short grass, strong winds, low rainfall 4-20 inches, rapid evap, deep rooted grass, perennials
Minnesota, Michigan, Ohio, Missouri- tall grass prairie, rich moist nutrient high, legumes- hold nitrogen, composites, most turned to farm land

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17
Q

Where do we find Savannahs and what are they like

A

In Africa and north and east South America

- tropical grassland, large variety of plants and animals- highest in the world, dry/ wet seasons

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18
Q

What area did the grass lands originally cover and how much now?

A

Originally covered 1/2 of U.S. Now covers half of that. Covers 1/4

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19
Q

What principle crops grow in grass lands

A

Wheat, corn, rice, barley, rye oats

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20
Q

Species-
Population-
Community-
Ecosystem-

A

Species- geographic and hormones- capable of interbreeding
Population- group like individuals
Community- deer, bears, grass, insects
Ecosystem- physical, chemical environment

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21
Q

Plains sharp tailed grouse

A

Grew rapidly in dougles county

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22
Q

Prebles meadow jumping mouse

A

Downtown Denver, wetlands

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23
Q

What are the characteristics of tundra?

A 
Extreme cold
Law biological diversity
Simple low vegetation
Limited drainage 
Short growth season
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24
Q

What are the two types of tundra

A

Alpine tundra and Arctic tundra

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25
Q

Arctic tundra

A

North Pole, Alaska, Arctic fragile, Denali
Growing season 50-60 days
Precipitation 6-10 inch
Permafrost, standing bogs
Plants- low growing, no trees for miles, shrubs, mosses, live worts, sedges, lichens
Animals- lemmings, voles, caribou, hares, foxes, polar bear
Bats and moths pollinate cactus, humming birds pollinate red things

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26
Q

Alpine tundra

A

High altitude above tree line, 10,000ft
Growing season 100 days
Plants- shrubs, grasses, flowers, krumholz trees, flagged trees
Animals- pikas, marmots, bears, mountain goats, Brigham sheep

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27
Q

Tropical rainforest

A

Near equator
200-400 rain
Dry/wet season
Lianas vines
Buttressed trees
Soil- nutrients, 2 to 4 inches on ground- dead leaves
Drip tip- help shed water away from below plant

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28
Q

What are the layers of the tropics

A

Canopy- top of trees
Mid layer
Under story

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29
Q

Ocean minerals come from?

A

1/3 to 1/2 come from tropical forests

Estuaries- biodiversity

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30
Q

Ants are

A

Decomposers

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31
Q

What is permafrost and how does it change plant composition?

A

Permafrost is frozen soil at high altitudes. It causes change in plant species as it melts and area becomes warmer

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32
Q

What is found in Peruvian Amazon trees

A 
200 species of trees per acre
230 bird species in 100 acres
1200 species of butterflies in an acre
1 tree- 54 species of ants
Wasps, bees
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33
Q

Why we care about saving rain forests

A

Rosy periwinkle- anti cancer, childhood leukemia, lymphoma, Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Quinine -bark treats malaria
Codeine- coughs
Painkiller- epibatidine 200x stronger than morphine, no respitory distress, patient alert, non addictive. Comes from epipedobates tricolor- poison dart frogs

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34
Q

What percent of drugs come from tropics

A

30%

35
Q

Ecuador

A

Size of co, 4000ft to 14000 feet
Highlands called paramo
Also contains Galápagos

36
Q

Micro habit

A

Lacewings live in the trumpet flowers

37
Q

Deserts cover how much and what is average rain fall

A

1/5 of earths surface

Rain fall less than 25 inch a year

38
Q

Mojave desert

A

Nevada, s.california, n.w Arizona
Elevation 3-4000 ft
Temp- 134 degrees
Rain- 0 to 6 inches average 2.4 a year
Plants- creosote bush, Joshua tree, cacti, wild flowers
Animals- coyotes, mojave rattle snake, desert tortoise, desert pupfish

39
Q

What percent of plants are endemic to mojave

A

25%

40
Q

Sonoran

A

South half of Arizona, s.e. Cali
Elevation 0-3500 ft
Temps- 25 to 120 degrees
Rain fall- 3-15 inches in yr
Monsoons in winter and late summer
Plants- saguaro, paloverde, creosote bush, ocotillo, boojum tree, cholla, cactus
Animals- coyote, mole deer, Harris hawk= unique to area

41
Q

Chihuahuan desert

A

W. Texas, Coahuila, chinuahua, Mexico
Elevation- 2000,4000
Rain- 4-20 inch in yr
More grasses and weather conditions
Plants- agave, lechuguilla, bush, sotol, creosote= in all three deserts
Animals- chihuahuan Ravens, coyote, mule deer, grey hawk= unique,

42
Q

Cold desert, inter mountain

A

4-14 inches of rain,
2000 to 8000 ft
Plants- rabbit bush, cotton wood, elm, pinyon juniper, Indian rice grass,
Animals- desert contain tail, deer, coyote, parry dogs

43
Q

Colorado state bird?

A

Large bunting

44
Q

What area has the most diverse herbivores and carnivores in the world

A

Savannah grasslands

45
Q

Explain how climate change has affected the arctic fox

A

Coats are white and turn brown in summer. Climate change has made it so they stay white and are eaten

46
Q

Messa animals

A

Mountain goat, big horn sheep

47
Q

Why were bison important?

A

Bison were natural grazers and prairie dogs and cow birds followed. No Bison no moving. Cattle replaced bisons

48
Q

Carbon

A

Burning fossil fuels, animals release, plants release. Winter a lot is released

49
Q

Places that release carbon?

A

Plants- calcium carbonated absorption

Volcanos

50
Q

Epiphytes

A

Orchids, pineapples, ferns

Grows harmlessly on other plants

51
Q

Cordycep fungus

A

Fungus attacks host through breathing it in, then attacks reproductive, nervous system until dead

52
Q

First humans how many years ago

A

2.5 million

53
Q

Agriculture how many years ago

A

10,000

54
Q

Population now?

A

7.4 billion

55
Q

How many people were there in 1804

A

1 billion

56
Q

How many years did it take to triple our population

A

156

57
Q

How many people
1999
2011
2024

A

6 billion
7 billion
8 billion

58
Q

How many people are born a day and die a day? How much people do we net a day?

A

Born 153000
Die 64000
Net 90000

59
Q

Exponential growth?

A

J curve

60
Q

S curve

A

Logistical growth

K= carrying capacity, amount of organisms the environment can sustain

61
Q

What three species are flourishing

A

Humans, insects, bacteria

62
Q

ZPG

A

Zero population growth

Births =deaths

63
Q

What’s the growth rate of humans in Canada

A

0.8 growth

64
Q

What are some countries near 0 population growth

A

Norway, Sweden, Finland, Denmark,France,Italy,Portugal

65
Q

Replacement reproduction

A

A couple having only two kids

66
Q

Why did 40’000 birds die in Mexico

A

Water pollution, raw sewage

67
Q

What are the two ways we dispose of waste

A

Landfill

Incinerate

68
Q

How much percent of waste is recycled

A

1.74

69
Q

What chemicals are air pollution

A

C02, C0, NO2, SO

Sunlight equals teargas

70
Q

What is considered fresh water communities

A

Lakes, ponds, standing big of water

71
Q

Littoral zone
Limnetic zone
Profundal zone

A

Photosynthetic, warm, plants, shore
Photosynthetic, warming, no shore
Deep, dark, cold, no photosynthesis, dead stuff

72
Q

Spring turnover

A

Warm air over cold water, mixes all the water

73
Q

Fall turnover

A

Cold air over warm water, mixes all the water

74
Q

Stream and river ecosystems

A

Continuously moving water
Dynamic, changing communities
Upper systems are cold and fast, trout
Lower systems are warm and slow, catfish

75
Q

Puferfish is used for

A

Poison, painkillers

76
Q

Ocean ecosystem

A 
3/4 of the world
Oxygen from algae and plankton
Food- estuaries, marshes
Fresh/ salt mixing 
Worlds nurseries 
Create Rain, wind
77
Q

Isopod

A

Parasite for a fish

78
Q

Elnino ocean

A

Warmer, more rain

79
Q

Zooanthelae

A

Good algae

80
Q

Nematocysts

A

Stinging cell- mini harpoon

81
Q

Rosy periwinkle-

A

Rosy periwinkle- anti cancer, childhood leukemia, lymphoma, Hodgkin’s lymphoma

82
Q

Quinine -

A

Bark treats malaria

83
Q

Painkiller from wild?

A

epibatidine 200x stronger than morphine, no respitory distress, patient alert, non addictive. Comes from epipedobates tricolor- poison dart frogs

Biology (21 decks)

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