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Lab Practical 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What 3 organisms are used in the disinfectant lab?

A

Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus epidermidis

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2
Q

What disinfectants are used in the disinfectant lab?

A

Vinegar, bleach, Purell, mouthwash, and hibiclens

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3
Q

What was the growth medium for the disinfectant lab?

A

Nutrient agar

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4
Q

How did we add the organisms for the disinfectant lab?

A

Pour plate

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5
Q

Where does Staphylococcus epidermidis reside?

A

On the skin

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6
Q

Where does Escherichia coli reside?

A

In the colon

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7
Q

What organisms were used in the osmosis lab?

A

Saccharomyces cervisiae, Bacillus cereus, Penicillium chrysogenum, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Serratia marcescens

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8
Q

What was tested in the osmosis lab?

A

Salt and sugar

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9
Q

What was used as a control in the osmosis lab?

A

Nutrient agar

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10
Q

What is 1 method of food preservation?

A

Fridge/freezer or salt

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11
Q

What tool do you use to perform a streak?

A

An applicator stick

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12
Q

What are the purposes of heat fixing bacteria to a slide?

A

Kills the organisms and sticks the bacteria to the slide

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13
Q

What are simple stains used to study?

A

Cell structure/morphology

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14
Q

What organisms are used in the staining lab?

A

Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli

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15
Q

Primary stain of a Gram stain?

A

Crystal violet

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16
Q

Counterstain of a Gram stain?

A

Safranin

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17
Q

Mordant of a Gram stain?

A

Iodine

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18
Q

Decolorizer for a Gram stain?

A

Alcohol

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19
Q

After staining, gram-positive bacteria is what color?

A

Violet

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20
Q

After staining, gram-negative bacteria is what color?

A

Pink

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21
Q

What kingdom does Penicillium belong to?

A

Fungi

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22
Q

Observe the Penicillium picture

A

Done

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23
Q

What is a common name for Penicillium?

A

Mold

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24
Q

What kingdom does Candida belong to?

A

Fungi

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25
Q

What does Penicillium look like?

A

A hand with fingers or broccoli

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26
Q

What is a common name for Candida?

A

Yeast

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27
Q

What kingdom does Giardia belong to?

A

Protista

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28
Q

Observe the Giardia pictures

A

Done

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29
Q

What does Giardia look like?

A

In the trophozoite phase, it looks like a tadpole with a smile

In the cyst stage, it looks like an egg with a smile

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30
Q

How many nuclei and flagella does Giardia have?

A

2 nuclei, 8 flagella

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31
Q

What kingdom does Trichomonas belong to?

A

Protista

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32
Q

Stages of Giardia?

A

Trophozoite and cyst

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33
Q

Stages of Trichomonas?

A

Only the trophozoite stage

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34
Q

Observe the Trichomonas picture

A

Done

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35
Q

What does Trichomonas look like?

A

Like Giardia with only 1 nucleus

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36
Q

What kingdom does Trypanosoma belong to?

A

Protista

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37
Q

List the fungi from the eukarya domain

A

Penicillium, Candida

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38
Q

List the protista from the eukarya domain

A

Trichomonas, Trypanosoma, Giardia

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39
Q

List the animal kingdom members from the eukarya domain

A

Clonorchis, Enterobius, Taenia saginata/solium, Xenopsylla, Ixodes, Pediculus humanus capitis/corporis or Pediculus Pthirus pubis, and Sarcoptes

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40
Q

What does Trypanosoma look like?

A

Like a tiny worm around RBCs

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41
Q

Observe the Trypanosoma image

A

Done

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42
Q

Notes about Trypanosoma?

A

Blood smear

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43
Q

Observe the Enterobius image

A

Done

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44
Q

What do the Enterobius look like?

A

Worms. Male is curved and shorter, female is longer and straighter

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45
Q

What is the common name for Enterobius?

A

Pin worm

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46
Q

What kingdom does Clonorchis belong to?

A

Animal

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47
Q

Phylum and class of Clonorchis?

A

Phylum - Platyhelminthes
Class - Trematoda

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48
Q

What is a common name for Clonorchis?

A

Liver fluke

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49
Q

What is notable about Clonorchis?

A

It is a hermaphrodite

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50
Q

Observe the image of Clonorchis

51
Q

What does Clonorchis look like?

A

A dark red oval with darker in the middle

52
Q

What kingdom does Taenia saginata/solium belong to?

A

Animal kingdom

53
Q

What phylum and class are Taenia saginata/solium?

A

Phylum - Platyhelminthes
Class - Cestoda

54
Q

Observe the photos of Taenia saginata/solium

55
Q

What does Taenia saginata/solium look like?

A

Kinda like a hook or club

56
Q

What is notable about Taenia saginata?

A

It’s from beef, and only has 4 suckers

57
Q

What is notable about Taenia solium?

A

It’s from pork, and it has suckers and hooks

58
Q

What kingdom does Xenopsylla belong to?

59
Q

Phylum and class of Xenopsylla?

A

Phylum - Arthropoda
Class - Insecta

60
Q

Common name for Xenopsylla?

61
Q

How many legs does Xenopsylla have?

A
  1. ALSO its the only side view photo for the eukarya
62
Q

Kingdom of Ixodes?

63
Q

Phylum and class of Ixodes?

A

Phylum - Arthropoda
Class - Arachnida

64
Q

Observe the photo of Xenopsylla

65
Q

What does Xenopsylla look like?

A

A flea. Side view photo. Lighter in color

66
Q

Observe the photo of Ixodes

67
Q

What does Ixodes look like?

A

A tick. 8 legs. Darker in color

68
Q

Common name for Ixodes?

69
Q

Kingdom of Pediculus humanus capitis/corporis / Pthirus pubis?

70
Q

Phylum and class of Pediculus humanus capitis/corporis / Pthirus pubis?

A

Phylum - Arthropoda
Class - Insecta

71
Q

Observe the photo of Pediculus humanus capitis/corporis / Pthirus pubis

72
Q

What do Pediculus humanus capitis/corporis / Pthirus pubis look like?

A

Lice/crabs. Lighter in color

73
Q

Common name of Pediculus humanus capitis?

74
Q

Common name of Pediculus humanus corporis?

75
Q

Common name of Pediculus Pthirus pubis?

A

Pubic lice/crabs

76
Q

How many legs do Pediculus humanus capitis/corporis / Pthirus pubis have?

77
Q

What kingdom is Sarcoptes?

78
Q

Phylum and class of Sarcoptes?

A

Phylum - Arthropoda
Class - Archnida

79
Q

Observe the Sarcoptes photo

80
Q

What does Sarcoptes look like?

A

A mite. Lighter in color and very round

81
Q

Common name of Sarcoptes?

A

Mites or scabies

82
Q

How many legs do Sarcoptes have?

83
Q

Steps of a Gram stain?

A

Apply crystal violet as a primary stain. Apply iodine as a mordant. Wash with alcohol as a decolorizer. Apply safranin as a counterstain. Purple slides are gram-pos, pink slides are gram-neg

84
Q

What substance in the osmosis lab grows less organisms, and why?

A

Salt, because it has a higher osmotic pressure. Prof said smth about more molecules but idrk what that means just know it

85
Q

What is osmosis?

A

The movement of water through a semipermeable membrane

86
Q

What are halophiles?

A

Salt-liking organisms

87
Q

What are saccharophiles?

A

Sugar-liking organisms

88
Q

What does hypertonic mean?

A

Water moves out of cell and it shrinks. Higher solute concentration inside cell than outside of it

89
Q

What does hypotonic mean?

A

Water moves into the cell and it swells. Lower solute concentration inside cell than outside of it

90
Q

What does isotonic mean?

A

Solute concentrations inside and outside of cell are equal. Net 0 movement of water

91
Q

What is plasmolysis?

A

Water passes out of cell and it shrinks

92
Q

What is plasmoptysis?

A

Water enters cell and it bursts

93
Q

Sort the osmosis lab organisms by their type.

A

Fungi: Penicillium chrysogenum, Saccharomyces cervisiae
Bacteria: Bacillus cereus, Serratia marcescens, Pseudomonas fluorescens

94
Q

What are some alternate names for the disinfectant lab?

A

Kirby-Bauer or disk-diffusion or radial diffusion

95
Q

What must we do while preparing the pour plate for the disinfectant lab?

A

Cool the nutrient agar to 45-50°C, so adding the bacteria doesn’t kill them

96
Q

How do you prepare the disinfectants for the disinfectant lab?

A

With clean tweezers, dip paper discs into the different types of disinfectant then lay them on the Petri dish

97
Q

Power of the different lenses?

A

Scanning - 4x
Low power - 10x
High power - 40x
Oil - 100x

98
Q

What is total magnification?

A

Ocular magnification (10x) x objective lens magnification (4, 10, 40, or 100x)

99
Q

Path of light through the microscope?

A

Illuminator -> condenser lens -> specimen -> objective lenses -> body tube -> prism -> ocular lens -> line of vision

100
Q

How do you properly use a microscope?

A

Hold it by the arm and base, set the lens to the scanning lens, and lower the stage all the way

101
Q

How do you move the slide on the microscope?

102
Q

What is magnification?

A

Increasing the apparent size of an object

103
Q

What is resolution?

A

Clarity of an image

104
Q

What is resolving power?

A

The smallest separation of 2 objects we can see on a microscope, 0.2 μm

105
Q

What is contrast?

A

Light and dark

106
Q

When finding a specimen at one magnification, you increase the magnification and can still see the specimen. This means the microscope is…

107
Q

What wavelength produces a greater resolution?

A

Shorter wavelengths

108
Q

What organism is a red color?

A

Serratia marcescens

109
Q

What organism is used to make bread?

A

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

110
Q

What organism can produce endospores?

A

Bacillus cereus

111
Q

What organism glows or fluoresces?

A

Pseudomonas fluorescens

112
Q

What organism is used as an antibiotic?

A

Penicillium chrysogenum

113
Q

A stroke made with an applicator stick is called…

114
Q

Is Escherichia coli gram-negative or positive?

A

Gram-negative

115
Q

Is Staphylococcus epidermidis gram-negative or positive?

A

Gram-positive

116
Q

How did we get the microbe onto the slide for the smear lab?

A

Using an inoculating loop

117
Q

How do we sterilize an inoculating loop?

A

Over the tip of the inner flame

118
Q

How do we heat fix a slide?

A

Passing the slide over the tip of the outer flame

119
Q

If a slide appears purple after a Gram stain, what does it mean?

A

The organism is Gram-positive, and therefore has thick peptidoglycan

120
Q

If a slide appears pink after a Gram stain, what does it mean?

A

The organism is Gram-negative, and therefore has thin peptidoglycan

121
Q

What is essential to getting proper results in a Gram stain lab?

A

A fresh culture, less than 24 hours old. Old cultures may appear pink even if gram-positive

122
Q

What does the disinfectant lab hope to measure?

A

The zone of inhibition - which is the area of NO growth

123
Q

Organisms used in Gram stain lab?

A

Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis

‱‱ (20 decks)

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