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Chapter 25 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Orthomyxoviridae?

A

An enveloped RNA virus

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2
Q

Etiologic agent/infection caused by Orthomyxoviridae?

A

Influenza A and B

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3
Q

Transmission of orthomyxoviridae?

A

Respiratory

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4
Q

How many segments in Orthomyxoviridae?

A

8 segments

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5
Q

Notes about Orthomyxoviridae?

A

Influenza A causes pandemics. B makes you sick too, but not as bad as A.

Glycoproteins:
Hemagglutinin - H, viral spike for attachment
Neuraminidase - N, allows virus to be released

Drift - minor change
Shift - major change

Can mutate due to mixing segments w/ other animal flus

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6
Q

What is Bunyaviridae?

A

An enveloped RNA virus

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7
Q

What does Bunyaviridae cause?

A

Hantavirus

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8
Q

How many segments in Bunyaviridae?

A

3

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9
Q

What is Hantavirus sin nombre?

A

A respiratory transmission of rodent waste.
Zoonotic
Robovirus (rodent born)
BSL level 4

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10
Q

What is Arenaviridae?

A

An enveloped RNA virus

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11
Q

How many segments in Arenaviridae?

A

2

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12
Q

What does Arenaviridae cause?

A

Lassa fever

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13
Q

What is Lassa fever?

A

Respiratory transmission of rodent waste

Robovirus

BSL level 4

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14
Q

What is Paramyxoviridae?

A

An enveloped RNA virus

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15
Q

Transmission and reservoir of Paramyxoviridae?

A

Human reservoir respiratory transmission

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16
Q

What does Paramyxoviridae cause?

A

Mumps, measles, RSV, parainfluenza

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17
Q

What is mumps?

A

Swelling of parotid gland (part of digestive system)

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18
Q

What is the MMR vaccine for?

A

Mumps, measles, rubella

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19
Q

What is measles?

A

Spotted rash. AKA rubeola. White spots in mouth - Koplik’s spots

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20
Q

What is RSV?

A

Pneumovirus

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21
Q

What is Rhabdoviridae?

A

An enveloped RNA virus

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22
Q

Reservoir and transmission of Rhabdoviridae?

A

Human reservoir, respiratory transmission

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23
Q

Transmission of rabies?

A

Contact w/ animal saliva

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24
Q

Notes about rabies?

A

You can get the vaccine after exposure because it moves to slowly. You die when rabies gets to your brain. EXTREMEEEELY sore throat, hurts to swallow, your spit comes out of your mouth
Infection at bite site
Diagnosed after death

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25
Q

What are Negri bodies?

A

Found in rabies/Rhabdoviridae

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26
Q

What are Koplik’s spots?

A

Found in measles/Paramyxoviridae

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27
Q

Reservoir and transmission of Coronaviruses?

A

Human reservoir, respiratory transmission

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28
Q

What does Coronavirus cause?

A

Common cold, SARS, MERS

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29
Q

What is SARS?

A

Caused by coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome.
Reservoir of certain cats and bats

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30
Q

What is MERS?

A

Middle East respiratory syndrome. Camel reservoir

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31
Q

What is Togaviridae?

A

An enveloped RNA virus

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32
Q

What is Coronavirus?

A

An enveloped RNA virus

33
Q

Transmission of Togaviridae?

A

Respiratory

34
Q

Vectors on the exam?

A

All mosquito

35
Q

What does Togaviridae cause?

A

Rubivirus (rubella)

36
Q

What is Rubella also known as?

A

German measles

37
Q

What is the MMR vaccine for?

A

Mumps, measles (Paramyxoviridae) and rubella (Togaviridae)

38
Q

Reservoir and transmission of Togaviridae?

A

Human reservoir, respiratory transmission

39
Q

What is Flaviviridae?

A

Enveloped RNA virus

40
Q

What is caused by Flaviviridae?

A

Hepatitis C, yellow fever, dengue fever, zika virus

41
Q

Info about Hepatitis C?

A

Caused by Flaviviridae
Bloodborne
Sexual transmission
No vaccine, crazy expensive cure

42
Q

Info about yellow fever?

A

Vector born - mosquitos
Arbovirus (arthropod born virus)
Causes jaundice
Clara Maas volunteered for experiment, died

43
Q

Info about dengue fever?

A

Vector born, mosquito
Arbovirus
Breakbone fever!

43
Q

Who is Clara Maas?

A

A woman to volunteered for an experiment with yellow fever and died

44
Q

List the arboviruses

A

Yellow fever
Dengue fever
West Nile encephalitis
Zika

45
Q

List the roboviruses

A

Hantavirus
Lassa fever

46
Q

Info about West Nile encephalitis?

A

Vector borne, mosquito
Arbovirus
Causes encephalitis
One sign is a lot of dead birds in your area

47
Q

Info about Zika?

A

Vector born, mosquito
Arbovirus
Can cause birth defect in fetuses - they lack the back part of their brain

48
Q

What is Filoviridae?

A

An enveloped RNA virus

49
Q

Reservoir and transmission of Filoviridae?

A

Human reservoir, respiratory transmission

50
Q

What viridae is the longest (physically) virus?

A

Filoviridae

51
Q

What is caused by Filoviridae?

A

Marburg virus and Ebola virus

52
Q

Info about Marburg virus?

A

1967!!!
Named after Marburg, Germany
Scientists harvesting kidneys from monkey, got sick
Bleed from every orifice
Death from multiple organ failure
African fruit bat reservoir
BSL 4

53
Q

What are the BSL 4 viruses?

A

Marburg virus, Ebola virus, Hantavirus, Lassa fever

54
Q

Info about Ebola virus?

A

1976!!
Ebola river from Zaire
Often caught when women of family clean body of someone who died from virus
Chain of death!
African fruit bat reservoir

55
Q

Types of ebolavirus?

A

Zaire ebolavirus, Sudan ebolavirus, Bundibugyo ebolavirus, Tai forest ebolavirus, Reston ebolavirus (this one isnt from africa, but Virginia monkey house - this one doesnt cause disease!)

56
Q

What is Retroviridae?

A

Enveloped RNA virus

57
Q

What is caused by Retroviridae?

58
Q

Transmission of Retroviridae?

A

Blood, sex, vertical

59
Q

Info about Retroviridae?

A

Reverse transcriptase
HIV/AIDS
Lentivirus genus
HIV-1 and HIV-2
Enveloped RNA, icosahedral, spikes, reverse transcriptase, integrase, protease
Opens door to opportunistic infections
Window period when transmissible but no symptoms
ELISA test, confirm w/ western blot

60
Q

Where is HIV-1?

61
Q

Where is HIV-2?

A

Only in small parts of Africa

62
Q

What is a western blot?

A

Used to confirm HIV/AIDS/Retroviridae

63
Q

What is Picornaviridae?

A

Naked RNA virus
Considered an enterovirus

64
Q

What does Picornaviridae cause?

A

Poliovirus, Hepatitis A, Rhinovirus

65
Q

Info about poliovirus?

A

Fecal-oral transmission
Human reservoir
Vaccine exists
Can cause limb deformities
Eliminated in America, but not worldwide

66
Q

Info about Hepatitis A?

A

AKA HAV
Fecal-oral transmission
Vaccine exists

67
Q

Info about rhinovirus?

A

Nasal secretions
Another cause of the common cold

68
Q

What is Caliciviridae?

A

Naked RNA virus

69
Q

Transmission of Caliciviridae?

A

Fecal-oral

70
Q

What is Hepeviridae?

A

Naked RNA virus

71
Q

What does Hepeviridae cause?

A

Hepatitis E

72
Q

Notes about Hepeviridae?

A

Causes diarrhea
Mikhail Balayan - a Russian virologist who self-sacrificed in 1983 to discover Hepatitis E

73
Q

People of chapter 25?

A

Mikhail Balayan - Russian virologist, 1983, self-sacrifice, Hepatitis E
Clara Maass - woman who volunteered for yellow fever experiment and died

74
Q

What is Reoviridae?

A

Double-stranded naked RNA virus

75
Q

What does Reoviridae cause?

76
Q

Transmission of Reoviridae?

A

Fecal-oral

77
Q

Notes about Reoviridiae?

A

Only double-stranded RNA virus
Causes diarrhea, vomiting in children
Stomach bug

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