Chapter 24 Flashcards
Define oncogenic
Cancer-causing
Define teratogenic
Can cross placenta and cause damage to fetus
What are the DNA enveloped viruses?
Poxviridae, Herpesviridae, and Hepadnaviridae
What are the DNA naked viruses?
Adenoviridae, Papillomaviridae, Parvoviridae
What are the RNA naked viruses?
Picornaviridae, Caliciviridae, Hepeviridae. Reoviridae
What is caused by Poxviridae?
Smallpox and molluscum contagiosum
What is smallpox?
A DNA enveloped virus, which has now been eradicated by vaccine. Causes rash
Reservoir of smallpox?
Human
Transmission of smallpox?
Respiratory
Family of smallpox?
Poxviridae
Types of smallpox?
Variola major and variola minor
Last case of Variola major?
1975, Bangladesh
Last case of Variola minor?
1977, Somalia
Who is Jenner/what is he associated with?
Cowpox/smallpox
What is molluscum contagiosum?
Monkeypox and cowpox
What is Herpesviridae?
A DNA enveloped virus.
8 different types (2 are combined for our class, so 7 separate kinds)
Lasts forever, latent, can reactivate
What is HHV-1?
Cold sores. Spread via saliva. Trigeminal/cranial nerve #5, can reactivate on lips or eyes
Can cause encephalitis in babies
What is Herpetic kratitis?
Herpes in eye
What is Herpes labialis?
Cold sores
What is HHV-2?
Genital herpes. Sexual transmission
Sacral/lumbar region latency
Can be spread without visual lesions.
What do HSV-1 and HSV-2 have in common?
Both can be reactivated by stress, fever, injury, and UV radiation. And both can damage a baby, requiring C-section
What is HHV-3?
VZV, or Varicella-Zoster virus.
Varicella - chickenpox
Zoster - shingles
DNA enveloped virus
Vaccine exists!
Chickenpox is a prerequisite for shingles
Rash - trunk -> head -> extremities
What type of pox is not a Poxviridae?
Chickenpox, it is a Herpes
How is chickenpox/shingles transmitted?
Respiratory/reactivation
What is HHV-4?
EBV, or Epstein-Barr virus.
DNA enveloped virus
Causes infectious mono and Burkitt’s lymphoma
Spread via saliva
By mid-life, 90-95% people have been exposed
What is infectious mononucleosis?
AKA kissing disease, causes EBV or Epstein-Barr virus. Caused by HHV-4 Latent in B cells. Fever, sore throat, spontaneous recovery 2-3wks
What is Burkitt’s lymphoma?
Caused by HHV-4. Cancers of lymphoid origin. Occurs due to coinfection of mono and another infection. Common in African children 4-8 y/o
What is HHV-5?
CMV, or cytomegalovirus
DNA enveloped virus
Mono-like symptoms, congenital abnormalities
Spreads through ANY bodily fluids
Cells grow large
80% of adults in U.S. have antibody
What is HHV-6 and HHV-7?
DNA enveloped virus. Causes roseola. Fever, rash in babies 2-12 months. Latent in B + T Cells
What is HHV-8?
AKA KSHV, or Kapsosi’s sarcoma. DNA enveloped virus. Sexual transmission. Causes purple patches all over skin from collection of RBCs. Common cause of cancer in AIDS patients, became more aggro due to weakened immune systems
What is Hepadnaviridae?
DNA enveloped virus. Causes HBV/Hepatitis B
Replicates in liver
Many forms of transmission
Causes cancer of liver
Jaundice, rash, etc.
3 doses of vaccine prevent it
Blood, sex, vertical transmission
What is Adenoviridae?
DNA naked virus.
Causes adenoviruses.
Some respiratory, some fecal-oral
What is Papillomaviridae?
DNA naked virus
Causes HPV
Direct contact transmission
Warts (seed, plantar, genital)
16 and 18 cause cancer
Cervical and penile cancer, pap smear for women
14mil new cases/yr
What is vaccination for HPV like?
3 vaccines exist, but Gardasil 9 is the only one still used in the U.S.
Harald Hausen linked HPV 16 and 18 with cancer
Scientists of this chapter?
Harald Hausen - HPV 16 and 18 with cancer
Jenner - smallpox/cowpox
What is Parvoviridae?
DNA naked virus. Single-stranded!
Also called B19
Causes erythema infectiosum
Fifth disease
Slapped cheek syndrome
Can lead to hydrops fetalis - death/abortion of fetus
Respiratory/transplacental transmission
