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Exam 3 tables Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 cocci genuses?

A

Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Neisseria

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2
Q

What are the catalase test results for the Gram-positive cocci?

A

Neisseria gets no test since it’s Gram-negative.
Staphylococcus is catalase-positive
Streptococcus is catalase-negative

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3
Q

What are the coagulase test results for Staphylococcus?

A

Neisseria gets no test because it is not gram-positive, and therefore, not catalase-positive.
Streptococcus gets no test because it is not catalase-positive.

Staphylococcus aureus is coagulase-positive
Staphylococcus epidermidis is coagulase-negative
Staphylococcus saprophyticus is coagulase-negative

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4
Q

Info about Staphylococcus aureus?

A

Gram-pos, catalase-pos, coagulase-pos, cocci

Protein A
Pyogenic diseases
Food poisoning
TSS
Scalded skin
Furuncle/carbuncle
Impetigo

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5
Q

Info about Staphylococcus epidermidis?

A

Gram-pos, catalase-pos, coagulase-neg, cocci

Nosocomial
Normal flora enters bloodstream

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6
Q

Facts about Staphylococcus saprophyticus?

A

Gram-pos, catalase-pos, coagulase-neg, cocci

Community-acquired UTI in sexually active young women

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7
Q

Facts about Streptococcus pyogenes?

A

Gram-pos, catalase-neg, cocci

Group A-beta

M protein, 80+ types
Type-specific immunity
Scarlet fever
Streptococcal toxic shock
Necrotizing fasciitis

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8
Q

Facts about Streptococcus agalactiae?

A

Gram-pos, catalase-neg, cocci

Group B-Beta

Neonatal meningitis, pneumonia, sepsis
Pregnant women need screening and treatment
Transmitted from vagina during delivery

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9
Q

Facts about Streptococcus mutans?

A

Gram-pos, catalase-neg, cocci

Group NA-Alpha

Type of viridian streptococci
Normal on teeth, makes plaque

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10
Q

Facts about Streptococcus pneumoniae?

A

Gram-pos, catalase-neg, cocci

Group NA-Alpha
Common name: pneumococcus
Shape: diplococci

Pneuomonia, meningitis

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11
Q

Facts about Neisseria gonorrhoeae?

A

Gram-neg, cocci

Common name: Gonococcus
Diplococci shape

Sexual transmission
No capsule
No maltose
Fimbriae, IgA protease
Gonorrhea
Ophthalmia neonatorum

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12
Q

Facts about Neisseria meningitidis?

A

Gram-neg, cocci

Common name: Meningococcus
Diplococci shape

Respiratory transmission
Capsule present
Maltose present
Meningitis
Meningococcemia
Bacteria in CSF

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13
Q

What 3 bacteria have a common name?

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae, or Pneumococcus
Neisseria gonorrheae, or Gonococcus
Neisseria meningitidis, or Meningococcus

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14
Q

What causes folliculitis?

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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15
Q

Reservoir of folliculitis?

A

Humans (nose specifically)

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16
Q

Transmission of folliculitis?

A

Contact

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17
Q

Notes on folliculitis?

A

Staphylococcus aureus infects hairs and causes boils, or furuncles. Pus, inflamed tissue

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18
Q

What causes impetigo?

A

Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes

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19
Q

Reservoir of impetigo?

A

Human skin

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20
Q

Transmission of impetigo?

A

Poor skin hygiene

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21
Q

Notes about impetigo?

A

Self-inoculation. Crusting sores

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22
Q

What causes gastroenteritis/food poisoning (intoxication)

A

Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus (not under gastroenteritis, just food poisoning)

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23
Q

Notes about gastroenteritis/food poisoning/intoxication?

A

Enterotoxin, short incubation period, feel effects quickly

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24
Q

What causes scalded skin syndrome?

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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25
Q

Transmission of scalded skin syndrome?

A

Contact

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26
Q

Notes about scalded skin syndrome?

A

Exfoliatin toxin causes fever and large amounts of skin slough, and serous fluid

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27
Q

What causes toxic shock syndrome (TSS)?

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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28
Q

Transmission of toxic shock syndrome (TSS)?

A

Colonization of vagina and nose

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29
Q

Notes about toxic shock syndrome (TSS)?

A

TSST, an exotoxin, from tampon use (in vagina or in nose)
Fever, vomiting, sunburn-like rash peels
Multi-organ involvement

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30
Q

What causes endocarditis and neonatal sepsis?

A

Staphylococcus epidermidis

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31
Q

Reservoir of endocarditis and neonatal sepsis?

A

Normal flora on skin and mucous membranes

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32
Q

Transmission of Endocarditis and neonatal sepsis?

A

Contact transmission

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33
Q

Notes about Endocarditis and neonatal sepsis?

A

Almost always nosocomial
Bacteremia, biofilm on catheters
Novobiocin sensitive

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34
Q

What causes UTI?

A

Escherichia coli (typical UTI), Staphylococcus saprophyticus

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35
Q

Notes about UTI from Staphylococcus saprophyticus?

A

Almost always community-acquired
Common cause of UTI in sexually active young women

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36
Q

Cause of erysipelas?

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

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37
Q

Transmission of erysipelas?

A

Contact

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38
Q

Notes about erysipelas?

A

Raised rash. Mainly legs, somewhat face
Like orange peel skin

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39
Q

Cause of necrotizing fasciitis?

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

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40
Q

Transmission of necrotizing fasciitis?

A

Contact

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41
Q

Notes about necrotizing fasciitis?

A

Exotoxin = protease
Also an MRSA

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42
Q

Cause of strep throat?

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

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43
Q

Transmission of strep throat?

A

Respiratory droplets

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44
Q

Notes about strep throat?

A

Pharyngitis

45
Q

Cause of scarlet fever?

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

46
Q

Notes about scarlet fever?

A

Rash, erythrogenic toxin

47
Q

Cause of streptococcal toxic shock syndrome?

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

48
Q

Notes about streptococcal toxic shock syndrome?

A

Pyogenic exotoxin
Massive release of cytokines (helper T cells and macrophages)

49
Q

Cause of rheumatic fever?

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

50
Q

Notes about rheumatic fever?

A

Autoimmune complication of pharyngitis
Immune system attacks heart valves
Uncontrollable movements of limbs or face - chorea
Antibodies attack antigens of joint, heart, and brain tissue

51
Q

What causes acute glomerulonephritis?

A

Streptococcans pyogenes

52
Q

Notes about acute glomerulonephritis?

A

Autoimmune complication of skin infection
Hypertension, edema of face and ankles
Smoky urine / hematuria

Antigen-antibody complexes on the glomerular basement membrane

53
Q

Cause of neonatal meningitis, sepsis?

A

Streptococcus agalactiae

54
Q

Reservoir of streptococcus agalactiae?

A

Genital tract of some women

55
Q

Notes about Streptococcus agalactiae?

A

Can be transferred to infant during delivery. Prevalent cause of neonatal pneumonia, sepsis, and meningitis
Group B

56
Q

What causes endocarditis and dental caries?

A

Streptococcus mutans

57
Q

Cause of pneumococal pneumonia?

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

58
Q

Reservoir of pneumococcal pneumonia?

59
Q

Transmission of pneumococcal pneumonia?

A

Respiratory

60
Q

Notes about pneumococcal pneumonia?

A

Not communicable
Vaccine exists

61
Q

Cause of pneumococcal meningitis, which is also typical meningitis?

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

62
Q

Reservoir of pneumococcal meningitis?

63
Q

Transmission of pneumococcal meningitis?

A

Respiratory

64
Q

Notes about pneumococcal meningitis?

A

Most common bacterial cause of meningitis (typical meningitis)
Capsule exists
Vaccine exists

65
Q

Cause of gonorrhea and PID?

A

Neisseria gonorrheae

66
Q

Reservoir of gonorrhea?

67
Q

Transmission of gonorrhea?

68
Q

Notes about gonorrhea?

A

Gram-negative, diplococcic
Fimbriae
Anal, pharyngeal, and eyes effect
“Silent” disease
Possible PID

69
Q

Cause of ophthalmia neonatorum?

A

Neisseria gonorrheae

70
Q

Reservoir of ophthalmia neonatorum?

71
Q

Transmission of ophthalmia neonatorum?

72
Q

Notes about ophthalmia neonatorum?

A

Neonatal conjunctivitis
Gonorrhea in the eyes of babies

73
Q

Cause of meningococcal meningitis?

A

Neisseria meningitidis

74
Q

Reservoir of meningococcal meningitis?

75
Q

Transmission of meningococcal meningitis?

A

Respiratory

76
Q

Notes about meningococcal meningitis?

A

Rash, meningococcal septicemia or meningococcemia
Petechiae - rash of red and purple spots

77
Q

3 pyogenic bacteria with capsules?

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae

78
Q

Types of anthrax?

A

Cutaneous, ingestion, pulmonary, injection

79
Q

Cause of anthrax?

A

Bacillus anthracis

80
Q

Reservoir of anthrax?

81
Q

Transmission of anthrax?

A

Contact, ingestion, inhalation, injection

82
Q

Notes about anthrax?

A

Gram-pos, endospore-forming, aerobic, exotoxin

Cutaneous - painless ulcers
Gastrointestinal - vomiting, pain, dysentery
Pulmonary - “woolsorter’s disease”, most fatal
Contaminated heroin

83
Q

Second cause of food poisoning?

A

Bacillus cereus

84
Q

Reservoir of Bacillus cereus, food poisoning?

85
Q

Transmission of Bacillus cereus, food poisoning

86
Q

Notes about Bacillus cereus, food poisoning

A

Enterotoxins cause “fried rice syndrome”, very fast effects
Just need to drink water and replace the fluids lost in diarrhea

87
Q

What causes gas gangrene?

A

Clostridium perfringens

88
Q

Reservoir of gas gangrene?

A

Soil, human colon

89
Q

Transmission of gas gangrene?

A

Contact w/ contaminated soil or feces

90
Q

Notes about gas gangrene?

A

Causes myonecrosis (muscle death), food poisoning
Treatment: removal of necrotic tissue, hyperbaric chamber

91
Q

What causes tetanus?

A

Clostridium tetani

92
Q

Tetanus reservoir?

93
Q

Transmission of tetanus?

A

Break in skin (parenteral i think)

94
Q

Notes about tetanus?

A

Obligate anaerobe
Exotoxin - tetanospasmin - INHIBITS MUSCLE RELAXATION - SPASTIC PARALYSIS
Opisthotonos - hyperextension, arching back
Lock-jaw
Vaccine (DTP and booster)

95
Q

What causes C-diff?

A

Clostridium difficile

96
Q

Reservoir of C-diff?

A

Human colon

97
Q

What diseases are caused by Staphylococcus aureus?

A

Folliculitis, impetigo, gastroenteritis, scalded skin syndrome, toxic shock syndrome

98
Q

What diseases are caused by Streptococcus pyogenes?

A

Impetigo, erysipelas, necrotizing fasciitis, strep throat, scarlet fever, streptococcal toxic shock syndrome, rheumatic fever, acute glomerulonephritis

99
Q

What diseases are caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae?

A

Gonorrhea, PID, opthalmia neonatorum

100
Q

What diseases are caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae?

A

Pneumococcal pneumonia, pneumococcal meningitis

101
Q

Transmission of C-diff?

A

Fecal-oral

102
Q

Notes about C-diff?

A

Antibiotic-associated diarrhea, suppression of normal colonic flora

103
Q

What causes botulism?

A

Clostridium botulinum

104
Q

Reservoir of botulism?

105
Q

Transmission of botulism?

106
Q

Notes about botulism?

A

Ingestion of exotoxin = FLACCID PARALYSIS, muscles cannot contract
Caused by improper canning, infants ingesting honey
Treatment = antitoxin, antibodies
Used for Botox

107
Q

What diseases are caused by Listeria monocytogenes?

A

Meningitis, sepsis, gastroenteritis

108
Q

What causes atypical meningitis and sepsis?

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