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MTAP 2 > LAB MANAGEMENT (Laboratory Safety) > Flashcards

LAB MANAGEMENT (Laboratory Safety) Flashcards

1
Q

ENUMERATE HIERARCHY OF CONTROLS FROM MOST TO LEAST EFFECTIVE

A

ELIMINATION
SUBSTITUTION
ENGINEERING CONTROLS
ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS
PPE

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2
Q

hierarchy of controls that physically removes the hazard

A

elimination

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3
Q

hierarchy of controls that replaces the hazard

A

substitution

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4
Q

hierarchy of controls that isolate people from the hazard

A

engineering controls

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5
Q

hierarchy of controls that changes the way people work

A

administrative controls

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6
Q

hierarchy of controls that protect the workers with protective eq

A

PPE

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7
Q

Hierarchy of controls:
Removes the hazard at the source

A

ELIMINATION

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8
Q

Hierarchy of controls:
Preferred solution to protect workers because no exposure can occur.

A

ELIMINATION

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9
Q

Hierarchy of controls:
Using a safer alternative to the source of the hazard.

A

SUBSTITUTION

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10
Q

Hierarchy of controls:
Reduce potential for harmful effects, no new risks.

A

SUBSTITUTION

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11
Q

Hierarchy of controls:
Reduce or prevent hazards from coming into contact with workers

A

ENGINEERING
CONTROLS

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12
Q

Hierarchy of controls:
Include modifying equipment or the workspace, using protective barriers, ventilation, and more.

A

ENGINEERING
CONTROLS

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13
Q

Hierarchy of controls:
Cost more than administrative controls or PPE. However, long-term operating costs are lower, especially when protecting multiple workers.

A

ENGINEERING
CONTROLS

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14
Q

Hierarchy of controls:
Can save money in other areas of the work process or facility operation.

A

ENGINEERING
CONTROLS

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15
Q

Hierarchy of controls:
Establish work practices that reduce the duration, frequency, or intensity of exposure to hazards.

A

ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS

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16
Q

Included in ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS

A
  • Work process training
  • Ensuring adequate rest breaks
  • Limiting access to hazardous areas or machinery
  • Adjusting line speeds
  • Job rotation
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17
Q

Hierarchy of controls:
Equipment worn to minimize exposure to hazards. Less expensive than other controls, but can be costly over time.

A

PPE

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18
Q

Addressed in PPE program

A
  • Workplace hazards assessment
  • Inspection and replacement of damaged or worn-out PPE
  • PPE selection and use
  • Program monitoring for continued effectiveness
  • Employee training
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19
Q

Disease producing agents (pathogens) that can be transmitted to individuals through various routes of exposure (modes of transmission). Exposure to these hazards may result in acute or chronic health conditions.

A

BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS

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20
Q

Pathogens that can be transmitted through:
Blood and body fluids

A
  • HBV
  • HCV
  • HIV
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21
Q

Pathogens that can be transmitted through:
Fecal-Oral

A
  • HAV
  • HEV
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22
Q

Pathogens that can be transmitted through:
Contact

A
  • HSV
  • HPV
  • CMV
  • Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus (VRE)
  • Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus
    (MRSA)
  • Clostridium difficile (C. difficile)
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23
Q

Pathogens that can be transmitted through:
Small particle aerosol (airborne)

A
  • Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
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24
Q

Pathogens that can be transmitted through:
>1 mode: contact, and/or droplet spray

A
  • Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
  • Herpes Zoster Virus (HZV)
  • Influenza virus (Flu)
  • Measles (Rubeola virus)
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25
Q

Bacteria, virus, fungi, parasite

A

Pathogens/Infectious agents

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26
Q

Habitat for organism to grow:
human, animal, air, food, soil, water, equipment

A

Reservoir

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27
Q

Secretions (saliva)
Excretions (urine, feces)

A

Portal of exit

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28
Q

Contact, droplet, airborne, vector, fomites

A

Mode of transmission

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29
Q

Mucosa lining, open wound, oral, respiratory tract, urinary tract

A

Portal of entry

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30
Q

Very young and elderly, those with chronic disease, malnourished, immunocompromised

A

Susceptible host

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31
Q

Contains circles representing the chain of infection

A

BIOHAZARD SYMBOL

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32
Q

3 circles represented in biohazard symbol

A
  • Host
  • Agent
  • Transmission
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33
Q

BSL with NO known potential for infecting healthy people.

A

BSL1

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34
Q

BSL associated with rarely serious human diseases.
Preventive/therapeutic interventions are often available.

A

BSL 2

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35
Q

BSL for viruses not normally encountered and mycobacteria

A

BSL3
(with risk-based enhancements)

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36
Q

BSL for dangerous and exotic agents that pose higher risk of aerosol-transmitted laboratory infections and life-threatening disease.
Effective treatments are limited.

A

BSL4

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37
Q

FEATURES OF BSL1

A
  • Controlled access
  • Hand washing sink
  • Sharp hazards warning policy
  • PPE
  • Laboratory bench
  • Autoclave
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38
Q

FEATURES OF BSL 2

A
  • Controlled access
  • Hand washing sink
  • Sharp hazards warning policy
  • Physical containment device
  • PPE
  • Laboratory bench
  • Autoclave
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39
Q

FEATURES OF BSL3

A
  • Self-closing, double-door access
  • Controlled access
  • Personal shower out
  • Sharp hazards warning policy
  • Hand washing sink
  • Sealed penetrations
  • Physical containment device
  • Powered air purifying respirator
  • Laboratory bench
  • Autoclave
  • Exhaust HEPA filter
  • Effluent decontamination system
  • Air tight when disinfecting
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40
Q

FEATURES OF BSL4

A
  • Air tight
  • Self-closing, double-door access
  • Controlled access
  • Sharp hazards warning policy
  • Hand washing sink
  • Sealed penetrations
  • Physical containment device
  • Positive pressure protective suit
  • Laboratory bench
  • Autoclave
  • Chemical shower out
  • Personal shower out
  • Supply and exhaust HEPA filter
  • Effluent decontamination system
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41
Q

Most important means of preventing the spread of infection

A

HAND WASHING

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42
Q

Duration for handwashing accdg. to CDC

A

20 secs
rinsed downward

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43
Q

Performed if hands are visibly soiled

A

wash hands with soap and water for 1-2 mins

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44
Q

Performed if hands are NOT visibly soiled

A

wash hands for at least 30 secs. or
use alcohol-based hand cleaners

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45
Q

Worn to protect clothing and skin
Protect workers from contamination

A

Laboratory gown

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46
Q

Worn to protect against splashes and inhalation of droplets containing pathogens from infective px.

A

Masks, goggles, face shields

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47
Q

Worn to protect healthcare workers from contamination by px body substances.

A

Gloves

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48
Q

Correct sequence of DONNING

A
  1. Gown
  2. Mask (covers both nose & mouth)
  3. Gloves (pulled over the gown cuff)
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49
Q

Correct sequence of DOFFING

A
  1. Gloves
  2. Gown (pulled from shoulders towards the hands)
  3. Mask
50
Q

Used substances for decontamination of body fluid spills

A

5.25% NaOCL or
10% chlorine bleach (1:10 dilution)

51
Q

Recommended contact time for decontamination of body fluid spills

A

15 minutes

52
Q

Under health hazard

A
  • Carcinogen
  • Mutagenicity
  • Reproductive toxicity
  • Respiratory sensitizer
  • Target organ toxicity
  • Aspiration toxicity
53
Q

Under flame hazard

A
  • Flammables
  • Pyrophorics
  • Self-heating
  • Emits flammable gas
  • Self-reactives
  • Organic peroxides
54
Q

Under exclamation mark hazard

A
  • Irritant (skin and eye)
  • Skin sensitizer
  • Acute toxicity
  • Narcotic effects
  • Respiratory tract irritant
  • Hazardous to ozone layer (non-mandatory)
55
Q

Under gas cylinder hazard

A

Gases under pressure

56
Q

Under corrosion hazard

A
  • Skin corrosion/burns
  • Eye damage
  • Corrosive to metals
57
Q

Under exploding bomb hazard

A
  • Explosives
  • Self-reactives
  • Organic peroxides
58
Q

Under flame over circle hazard

59
Q

Under environment hazard (non-mandatory)

A

Aquatic toxicity

60
Q

Under skull and crossbones hazard

A

Acute toxicity (fatal or toxic)

61
Q

Communicate hazards associated with using chemicals

A

SAFETY DATA SHEETS (SDS)
Formerly: Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)

62
Q

Important source of information for workers, lab personnel, emergency responders, and emergency medical personnel

A

SAFETY DATA SHEETS (SDS)
Formerly: Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)

63
Q

Content of a Safety Data Sheet (16 sections)

A
  1. Identification
  2. Hazard identification
  3. Composition/Information on Ingredient
  4. First aid measures
  5. Fire fighting measures
  6. Accidental release measures
  7. Handling and storage
  8. Exposure controls/personal protection
  9. Physical and chemical properties
  10. Stability and reactivity
  11. Toxicological information
  12. Ecological information
  13. Disposal consideration
  14. Transport information
  15. Regulatory information
  16. Other information
64
Q

PEL

A

Permissible Exposure Limits

65
Q

TLV

A

Threshold Limit Values

66
Q

T/F
Storage should not be based solely on alphabetical order because incompatible chemicals may react chemically.

67
Q

Flammable liquid is stored separately from:

A

Flammable solids

68
Q

Mineral acid is stored separately from:

A

Organic acids

69
Q

Caustics is stored separately from:

70
Q

Perchloric acid is stored separately from:

A

Water-reactive substances

71
Q

Air-reactive substances is stored separately from:

72
Q

Heat-reactive substances requiring refrigeration is stored separately from:

73
Q

Equivalent of 0 in hazard

74
Q

Equivalent of 1 in hazard

A

Slightly hazardous

75
Q

Equivalent of 2 in hazard

76
Q

Equivalent of 3 in hazard

A

Extremely hazardous

77
Q

Equivalent of 4 in hazard

78
Q

Color RED in NFPA standard hazard

A

Fire hazard

79
Q

Color YELLOW in NFPA standard hazard

A

INSTABILITY OR REACTIVITY

80
Q

Color BLUE in NFPA standard hazard

A

Health hazard

81
Q

Color WHITE in NFPA standard hazard

A

Specific hazard

82
Q

Fire hazard
4 -
3 -
2 -
1 -
0 -

A

4 - Below 73F
3 - Below 100F
2 - Below 200F
1 - Above 200F
0 - Will not burn

83
Q

Instability
4 -
3 -
2 -
1 -
0 -

A

4 - May detonate
3 - Shock + Heat may detonate
2 - Violent chemical change
1 - Unstable if heated
0 - Stable

84
Q

Health Hazard
4 -
3 -
2 -
1 -
0 -

A

4 - Deadly
3 - Extreme danger
2 - Hazardous
1 - Slightly hazardous
0 - Normal material

85
Q

Specific hazards
OX -
ALK -
W -
SA -
ACID -
COR -
Rad symbol -

A

OX - Oxidizers
ALK - Alkaline
W - Use no water
SA - Simple Asphyxiant
ACID - Acid
COR - Corrosive
Rad symbol - Radioactive

86
Q

Found at the long wavelength end of the spectrum and may have enough energy to excite molecules and atoms causing them to vibrate faster.

A

Non-ionising radiation

87
Q

Type of radiation:
Radio, TV, microwave

A

Non-ionising radiation

88
Q

Type of radiation in infrared region

A

Non-ionising radiation

89
Q

Type of radiation with increasing wavelength

A

Non-ionising radiation

90
Q

Has more energy; enough to cause chemical changes by breaking chemical bonds.
This effect can cause damage to living
tissue.

A

Ionising radiation

91
Q

Type of radiation in ultraviolet region

A

Ionising radiation

92
Q

Type of radiation: Medical X-ray, radioactive sources

A

Ionising radiation

93
Q

Type of fire: Ordinary combustibles (wood, paper, cloth)
Class of fire:
Fire extinguishers:

A

Class of fire: A
Fire extinguishers: Type A, A-B

94
Q

Type of fire: Flammable liquids (gasoline, paints, oils, grease)
Class of fire:
Fire extinguishers:

A

Class of fire: B
Fire extinguishers: Type A-B, B-C, A-B-C

95
Q

Type of fire: Live electrical equipment (electrical wiring, fuse box)
Class of fire:
Fire extinguishers:

A

Class of fire: C
Fire extinguishers: Type B-C, A-B-C

96
Q

Type of fire: Commercial cooking equipment
Class of fire:
Fire extinguishers:

A

Class of fire: K
Fire extinguishers: Wet chemical

96
Q

Type of fire: Combustible metal
Class of fire:
Fire extinguishers:

A

Class of fire: D
Fire extinguishers: Bucket of sand

97
Q

Activities characterized by constant/excessive repetitive actions, mechanical pressure, vibrations, compressive forces or static postures for an extended period which may cause cumulative trauma disorders or work-related MSD.

A

ERGONOMIC HAZARD

98
Q

Give factors for ergonomic hazard

A
  • Inadequate lighting or glare
  • Awkward postures
  • Forceful exertions
  • Vibrations
  • Contact stress
  • Static postures
  • Repetitive motions
99
Q

Container color for non-infectious dry waste

100
Q

Container color for non-infectious wet waste (kitchen, dietary)

101
Q

Container color for infectious and pathological waste

102
Q

Container color for chemical waste including heavy metal

A

Yellow with black band

103
Q

Container color for radioactive waste

104
Q

Container color for sharps and pressurized containers

106
Q

represented by the circles contained within the biohazard symbol

A

chain of infection

107
Q

BSL:
Nonpathogenic E. coli

108
Q

BSL:
Gram neg, pos
S. aureus
P. aeruginosa

109
Q

BSL:
M. tuberculosis

110
Q

BSL:
SARS-CoV-2
Ebola

111
Q

Unique feature of BSL 2 from BSL 1

A

physical containment device

112
Q

risk based enhancements in BSL 3

A

personal shower out
powered air purifying respirator
exhaust HEPA filter
effluent decontamination system

113
Q

Unique features in BSL 3 not seen in BSL 2

A

Self-closing, double door access
Personal shower out
Sealed penetrations
PAP respirator
Exhaust HEPA filter
Effluent decontamination system

114
Q

BSL that is airtight when disinfecting

115
Q

BSL that is airtight not only during disinfecting

116
Q

Unique features of BSL 4 not seen in BSL 3

A

Positive pressure protective suit
Chemical shower out
Personal shower out

117
Q

Factors that contributes to FIRE

A

Fuel
Heat
Oxygen
Chemical reaction

118
Q

NFPA

A

National Fire Protection Association

119
Q

Wastes that are delayed to decay

A

Chemical waste
Pharmaceutical waste
Radioactive waste

120
Q

Types of waste that are BURIED after treatment by non-burn technologists

A

sharps
pathological waste

121
Q

Types of waste that are collected and disposed by suppliers

A

aerosol/pressurized containers
pharmaceutical waste
radioactive waste

MTAP 2 (23 decks)

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