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Bio 110 > LAB FINAL study guide > Flashcards

LAB FINAL study guide Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

When do you use a line graph vs a bar graph?

A

line graphs are used when the independent variable is continuous or there is some relationship between them
bar graphs are used when there is no relationship between independent variables

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2
Q

When graphing, which variable goes on which axis?

A

X axis, independent variable
Y axis, dependent variable

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3
Q

What is a hydrogen bond?

A

A weak bond between atoms in different molecules

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4
Q

Red cabbage juice is…

A

a general pH indicator

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5
Q

When is a solution acidic, basic, or neutral in regards to protein concentration?

A

more protons = acid
more hydroxide ions = base
equal amounts = neutral

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6
Q

What is titration, indicator, buffer?

A

indicator changes in color in response to pH
buffer absorbs excess OH- and H+ that prevents sudden high changes in pH

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7
Q

What does water spontaneously dissociate into?

A

hydrogen and hydroxide ions

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8
Q

What kind of covalent bond holds together amino acids when making proteins?

A

a peptide bond

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9
Q

Which elements in a molecule might make it polar?

A

Oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus

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10
Q

What fatty acids are solid at room temperature and why?

A

saturated because they only have single bonds

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11
Q

Which carbohydrate is a source of energy for the human body?

A

Glucose

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12
Q

What gives plants their shape and strength?

A

Cellulose

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13
Q

What is not a function of proteins?

A

Energy storage

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14
Q

The macromolecule responsible for carrying information from parents to offspring is?

A

deoxyribonucleic acid

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15
Q

What is methyl red?

A

A pH indicator that turns red in high acidity(low pH), orange in neutral pH, and yellow in high alkalinity (high pH)

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16
Q

What is bromothymol blue?

A

a pH indicator that turns yellow in high acidity (low pH), green in neutral pH, and blue in high alkalinity (high pH)

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17
Q

What does Biuret test for, what colors might it be and what do they mean?

A

pinkish-purple: peptides

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18
Q

What does Benedicts reagent need to work?

A

heat

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19
Q

What does iodine test for, what colors might it be and what do they mean?

A

It tests for starch, and turns from yellow/brown to blue/black in the presence of it

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20
Q

What is a control treatment?

A
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21
Q

What is a negative control?

A
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22
Q

What macromolecule is albumin?

A

protein

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23
Q

What is an emulsifier?

A
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24
Q

What is depth of field?

A
25
Q

What is resolution?

A
26
Q

What is field of view?

A

the circle seen through the ocular lens

27
Q

What is the difference between compound light microscopes, binocular dissecting microscopes, and electron microscopes?

A

light microscopes: worst resolution,

28
Q

What is parfocal?

A

something in focus in lower powers is also more or less in focus at higher powers

29
Q

How does pH and temperature affect enzyme activity?

A

pH and temp will speed up enzyme activity until an optimum point is reached, and past that point the enzyme will denature

30
Q

What sugars make up sucrose?

A

fructose and glucose

31
Q

What macromolecule are enzymes made of?

A

proteins

32
Q

What is the difference between “-ose” and “-ase”?

A

“-ase” means enzyme
“-ose” means sugar

33
Q

What is diffusion?

A

movement of particles from high to low concentration

34
Q

What is Brownian motion and what causes it?

A

passive, random movement of molecules caused by heat

35
Q

Will a charged or uncharged particle move more easily across a membrane?

A

uncharged

36
Q

What causes the random motion of very small molecules?

A

heat

37
Q

What is a concentration gradient?

A

difference in concentration between any two locations

38
Q

What is dialysis?

A

two dissolved substances are separated from each other by a membrane

39
Q

Which direction will water move in osmosis?

A
40
Q

How are diffusion and osmosis different?

A
40
Q

What is hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic?

A
41
Q

What is phenol red and why does it change colors?

A
42
Q

What is turgor pressure and what causes it?

A

turgor pressure is causes plants to stand up because the cells are hypotonic

43
Q

What does it mean to lyse?

A
44
Q

What does it mean when a cell is plasmolyzed?

A
45
Q

Why does central dogma require that we move through RNA?

A
46
Q

Why can’t we go directly from DNA to protein?

A
47
Q

What is hemoglobin supposed to do normally?

A
48
Q

Why are stop codons important?

A
49
Q

What are the symptoms of sickle cell anemia?

A

Shortness of breath, weakness, pain in joints

50
Q

What are the symptoms of malaria?

A
51
Q

What is the difference between cell plates and clevage furrows?

A
52
Q

When does DNA duplicate?

A

the S phase in interphase

53
Q

How many cells are produced during mitosis?

A

two

54
Q

Which sort of bond makes it easy for DNA to open like a zipper?

A

hydrogen bonds between bases

55
Q

n rH postive mother and an rH negative father are having a baby. Is the mom at risk for fetal erythroblastosis?

A

no

56
Q

During which stage of the cell cycle does DNA duplicate?

A

S phase in interphase

57
Q

Which elements suggest that a molecule may be polar?

A

Carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus

58
Q
A

Bio 110 (15 decks)

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