LAB FINAL study guide Flashcards
When do you use a line graph vs a bar graph?
line graphs are used when the independent variable is continuous or there is some relationship between them
bar graphs are used when there is no relationship between independent variables
When graphing, which variable goes on which axis?
X axis, independent variable
Y axis, dependent variable
What is a hydrogen bond?
A weak bond between atoms in different molecules
Red cabbage juice is…
a general pH indicator
When is a solution acidic, basic, or neutral in regards to protein concentration?
more protons = acid
more hydroxide ions = base
equal amounts = neutral
What is titration, indicator, buffer?
indicator changes in color in response to pH
buffer absorbs excess OH- and H+ that prevents sudden high changes in pH
What does water spontaneously dissociate into?
hydrogen and hydroxide ions
What kind of covalent bond holds together amino acids when making proteins?
a peptide bond
Which elements in a molecule might make it polar?
Oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus
What fatty acids are solid at room temperature and why?
saturated because they only have single bonds
Which carbohydrate is a source of energy for the human body?
Glucose
What gives plants their shape and strength?
Cellulose
What is not a function of proteins?
Energy storage
The macromolecule responsible for carrying information from parents to offspring is?
deoxyribonucleic acid
What is methyl red?
A pH indicator that turns red in high acidity(low pH), orange in neutral pH, and yellow in high alkalinity (high pH)
What is bromothymol blue?
a pH indicator that turns yellow in high acidity (low pH), green in neutral pH, and blue in high alkalinity (high pH)
What does Biuret test for, what colors might it be and what do they mean?
pinkish-purple: peptides
What does Benedicts reagent need to work?
heat
What does iodine test for, what colors might it be and what do they mean?
It tests for starch, and turns from yellow/brown to blue/black in the presence of it
What is a control treatment?
What is a negative control?
What macromolecule is albumin?
protein
What is an emulsifier?
What is depth of field?
What is resolution?
What is field of view?
the circle seen through the ocular lens
What is the difference between compound light microscopes, binocular dissecting microscopes, and electron microscopes?
light microscopes: worst resolution,
What is parfocal?
something in focus in lower powers is also more or less in focus at higher powers
How does pH and temperature affect enzyme activity?
pH and temp will speed up enzyme activity until an optimum point is reached, and past that point the enzyme will denature
What sugars make up sucrose?
fructose and glucose
What macromolecule are enzymes made of?
proteins
What is the difference between “-ose” and “-ase”?
“-ase” means enzyme
“-ose” means sugar
What is diffusion?
movement of particles from high to low concentration
What is Brownian motion and what causes it?
passive, random movement of molecules caused by heat
Will a charged or uncharged particle move more easily across a membrane?
uncharged
What causes the random motion of very small molecules?
heat
What is a concentration gradient?
difference in concentration between any two locations
What is dialysis?
two dissolved substances are separated from each other by a membrane
Which direction will water move in osmosis?
How are diffusion and osmosis different?
What is hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic?
What is phenol red and why does it change colors?
What is turgor pressure and what causes it?
turgor pressure is causes plants to stand up because the cells are hypotonic
What does it mean to lyse?
What does it mean when a cell is plasmolyzed?
Why does central dogma require that we move through RNA?
Why can’t we go directly from DNA to protein?
What is hemoglobin supposed to do normally?
Why are stop codons important?
What are the symptoms of sickle cell anemia?
Shortness of breath, weakness, pain in joints
What are the symptoms of malaria?
What is the difference between cell plates and clevage furrows?
When does DNA duplicate?
the S phase in interphase
How many cells are produced during mitosis?
two
Which sort of bond makes it easy for DNA to open like a zipper?
hydrogen bonds between bases
n rH postive mother and an rH negative father are having a baby. Is the mom at risk for fetal erythroblastosis?
no
During which stage of the cell cycle does DNA duplicate?
S phase in interphase
Which elements suggest that a molecule may be polar?
Carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus
