Ch. 7 and 15 Review Questions

Question 1

What on the bottom of tRNA binds to mRNA

Answer 1

anticodon

Question 2

What is on the top of a tRNA?

Answer 2

Amino acid binding site

Question 3

A deletion mutation occurs, leaving 11 bases in nucleotide sequence. What is the maximum number of amino acids that could be coded for by this sequence?

Answer 3

Three

Question 4

How would you describe how the RNA sequence specifies the production of an amino acid chain?

Answer 4

Each set of three bases codes for a single amino acid.

Question 5

What is the function of mRNA?

Answer 5

To transmit the code for making proteins from DNA to the site of protein synthesis, from the nucleus to the ribosome.

Question 6

What happens to DNA when transcription is done?

Answer 6

It zips back up until it’s necessary to transcribe again.

Question 7

What is translation?

Answer 7

The building of a protein using the codons on mRNA as instructions.

Question 8

What is the job of tRNA?

Answer 8

To bring amino acids to the ribosome in the correct order

Question 9

What kind of polymerase transcribes tRNA?

Answer 9

RNA polymerase III

Question 10

How is eukaryotic transcription different from prokaryotic transcription?

Answer 10

The promoter and transcription factors are more complex, and There’s a TATA box but it has a different sequence.

Question 11

During translation, where does the tRNA bind with the new amino acid?

Answer 11

Site “A”

Question 12

Splicing is when…

Answer 12

Introns are removed and exons are spliced together

Question 13

How does translation know where to begin on an mRNA?

Answer 13

At the first AUG after the Shine-Dalgarno sequence

Question 14

What would happen if a spliceosome couldn’t work?

Answer 14

The cell would produce deformed proteins

Question 15

How does RNA pol II know when to stop?

Answer 15

It transcribes more than is needed and the extra is removed in processing.

Question 16

What would happen if a eukaryotic cell lost its RNA polymerase III?

Answer 16

It would be able to make mRNA but not translate it

Question 17

What happens when RNA polymerase runs into a histone?

Answer 17

the FACT complex moves it

Question 18

Failure to correctly remove introns from a primary mRNA would most likely cause?

Answer 18

Translation errors

Question 19

What is not one of the ways transcription ends in prokaryotes?

Answer 19

Synthesizing 1000-2000 extra nucleotides to remove in processing

Question 20

Which process requires the participation of all three types of RNA?

Answer 20

translation

Question 21

During fermentation, why is lactate produced?

Answer 21

To recycle NAD+

Question 22

If FAD+ accepts an electron, which of the following is true?

Answer 22

All of these are correct.It will become reduced to FADH2
FAD+ will gain a little potential energy
Some other molecule becomes oxidized
(All of these are correct.)

Question 23

What begins translation?

Answer 23

The initiation complex

Question 24

During translation, where does the tRNA with the new amino acid bind?

Answer 24

A site

Question 25

The degeneracy of the genetic code means…

Answer 25

any given amino acid can be coded for by more than one nucleotide triplet

Question 26

What is a consensus sequence?

Answer 26

A section of DNA which means the same thing in lots of different organisms

Question 27

Lincomycin is an antibiotic that disables petidyl transferase. Therefore, it breaks which step of translation?

Answer 27

Bonds won’t form between adjacent amino acids