Ch. 4 Additional Questions Flashcards
What is the difference between light microscopy and electron microscopy?
Electron microscopes use a beam of electrons rather than a beam of light- you cannot view living organisms with an electron microscope. Special stains are used in light microscopy to distinguish the individual parts of cells. Electron microscopes have a much better resolution.
What organelle carries out the function of a lysosome in a plant cell?
Vacuoles.
What are the major digestive units of cells?
Lysosomes.
What are the components of the endomembrane system?
Nuclear envelope, lysosomes, vesicles, ER, Golgi apparatus, and plasma membrane.
What does the endomembrane system NOT include?
The mitochondria and chloroplast membranes.
What is the function of the endomembrane system?
Modifying, packaging, and transporting lipids and proteins.
What is the cytoskeleton comprised of?
A network of protein fibers- microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules.
What is the difference between cilia and flagella?
Flagella have longer hairs, and cilia can move substances across a cell’s surface.
What are the roles of microfilaments, and what are they comprised of?
Microfilaments are the smallest and help with movement and provide rigidity/shape to the cell. They are composed of two intertwined strands of actin.
What are the roles of intermediate filaments? What are they comprised of? Are there different kinds of intermediate filaments?
They are made of several strands of fibrous proteins and their function is only structural. They are the most diverse group of the cytoskeleton and have several types.
What are the roles of microtubules and what are they comprised of?
Microtubules are the widest component, they are hollow and the structural element of flagella, cilia, and centrioles. They help the cell resist compression, provide a track for vesicles, and pull chromosomes apart during cell division.
How many chromosomes do humans have?
46
When are chromosomes visible?
During cell division.
What is the structure and function of chromatin?
They are a complex of DNA, RNA, and protein that condense and coil to form chromosomes.
What do prokaryotes depend on to obtain some materials and get rid of wastes?
Diffusion.
