Ch. 5 Key Terms Flashcards
active transport
method of transporting material that requires energy
amphiphalic
a molecule that has a polar and nonpolar part allowing it to interact with hydrophobic and hydrophilic things “dual-loving”
aquaporin
channel protein that allows water through the membrane at a very high rate
antiporter
transporter that carries two ions or small molecules in different directions
carrier protein
membrane protein that moves a substance across the membrane by changing its shape
caveolin
protein that coats the membrane on the cytoplasmic side, stabilizes the membrane during potocytosis
channel protein
membrane protein that allows a substance to pass through its hollow core across the membrane
clathrin
protein coating the cytoplasmic side of the membrane and stabilizes it for phagocytosis
concentration gradient
area of high concentration to area of low concentration
diffusion
passive transport method of light molecules according to concentration gradient
electrochemical gradient
a combined electrical and chemical force that produces a gradient
electrogenic pump
pump that creates a charge imbalancee
endocytosis
type of active transport that moves substances, including fluids and particles into a cell
exocytosis
process of passing bulk material out of a cell
facilitated transport
process by which material moves down a concentration gradient (from high to low concentration) using integral membrane proteins
fluid mosaic model
describes the plasma membrane’s structure as a mosaic of components using phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, glycoproteins, and glycolipids, resulting in fluid character
glycolipid
combination of carbohydrates and lipids
glycoprotein
combination of carbohydrates and proteins
hydrophilic
molecule with the ability to bond with water “water loving”
hydrophobic
molecule that can’t bond with water, “water-hating”
hypertonic
when extracellular fluid has a higher osmolarity than the fluid inside the cell, water moves out of the cell
hypotonic
when extracellular fluid has a lower osmolarity than the fluid inside the cell, water moves inside the cell
integral proteins
protein integrates into the membrane that interacts a lot with the membrane lipids’ hydrocarbon chains and often spans the membrane
isotonic
when extracellular fluid has the same osmolarity as the outside of the cell, so no water movement occurs