Ch. 5 Key Terms Flashcards

1
Q

active transport

A

method of transporting material that requires energy

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2
Q

amphiphalic

A

a molecule that has a polar and nonpolar part allowing it to interact with hydrophobic and hydrophilic things “dual-loving”

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3
Q

aquaporin

A

channel protein that allows water through the membrane at a very high rate

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4
Q

antiporter

A

transporter that carries two ions or small molecules in different directions

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5
Q

carrier protein

A

membrane protein that moves a substance across the membrane by changing its shape

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6
Q

caveolin

A

protein that coats the membrane on the cytoplasmic side, stabilizes the membrane during potocytosis

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7
Q

channel protein

A

membrane protein that allows a substance to pass through its hollow core across the membrane

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8
Q

clathrin

A

protein coating the cytoplasmic side of the membrane and stabilizes it for phagocytosis

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9
Q

concentration gradient

A

area of high concentration to area of low concentration

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10
Q

diffusion

A

passive transport method of light molecules according to concentration gradient

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11
Q

electrochemical gradient

A

a combined electrical and chemical force that produces a gradient

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12
Q

electrogenic pump

A

pump that creates a charge imbalancee

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13
Q

endocytosis

A

type of active transport that moves substances, including fluids and particles into a cell

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14
Q

exocytosis

A

process of passing bulk material out of a cell

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15
Q

facilitated transport

A

process by which material moves down a concentration gradient (from high to low concentration) using integral membrane proteins

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16
Q

fluid mosaic model

A

describes the plasma membrane’s structure as a mosaic of components using phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, glycoproteins, and glycolipids, resulting in fluid character

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17
Q

glycolipid

A

combination of carbohydrates and lipids

18
Q

glycoprotein

A

combination of carbohydrates and proteins

19
Q

hydrophilic

A

molecule with the ability to bond with water “water loving”

20
Q

hydrophobic

A

molecule that can’t bond with water, “water-hating”

21
Q

hypertonic

A

when extracellular fluid has a higher osmolarity than the fluid inside the cell, water moves out of the cell

22
Q

hypotonic

A

when extracellular fluid has a lower osmolarity than the fluid inside the cell, water moves inside the cell

23
Q

integral proteins

A

protein integrates into the membrane that interacts a lot with the membrane lipids’ hydrocarbon chains and often spans the membrane

24
Q

isotonic

A

when extracellular fluid has the same osmolarity as the outside of the cell, so no water movement occurs

25
osmolarity
total amount of solutes dissolved in a specific amount of solution
26
osmosis
transportation of water through a semipermeable membrane according to the waters concentration gradient across that membrane that results from the presence of solute that cannot pass through the membrane
27
passive transport
method of transporting material through a membrane that does not require energy
28
peripheral protein
protein at the plasma membranes surface either on its exterior or interior side
29
pincocytosis
a variation of endocytosis that imports macromolecules that the cell needs from the extracellular fluid
30
plasmolysis
detaching the cell membrane from the cell wall and constricting the cell membrane when a plant cell is in a hypertonic solution
31
poctocytosis
variation of pinocytosis that uses a different coating protein (caveolin) on the plasma membranes cytoplasmic side
32
primary active transport
active transport that moves ions or small molecules across a membrane (and may cause a different in charge across that membrane)
33
pump
active transport mechanism that works against electrochemical gradients
34
receptor-mediated endocytosis
variation of endocytosis that involves using specific binding proteins in the plasma membrane for specific molecules/particles, and clathrin-coated pits that become clathrin-coated vesicles
35
secondary active transport
movement of material that results from primary active transport to the electrochemical gradient
36
selectively permeable
membrane characteristic that allows some substances through
37
solute
substance dissolved in a liquid to form a solution
38
symporter
transporter that carries two different ions/small molecules, both in the same direction
39
tonicity
amount of solute in a solution
40
transport protein
membrane protein that facilitates a substance's passage across a membrane by binding to it
41
transporter
specific carrier protein or pumps that facilitate movement
42
uniporter
transporter that carries one specific ion or molecule