Ch. 4 Organelles

Question 1

cell wall

Answer 1

cell covering the protects the cell, provides structural support, and gives shape to the cell

Question 2

central vacuole

Answer 2

large plant cell organelle that stores molecules, holds water, and plays a role in cell growth

Question 3

centrosome

Answer 3

region in animal cells made of two centrioles that serves as an organizing center for microtulules

Question 4

chlorophyll

Answer 4

green pigment that captures light energy that drives light reactions of photosynthesis

Question 5

chloroplast

Answer 5

plant cell organelle that carries out photosynthesis

Question 6

chromatin

Answer 6

protein-DNA complex that serves as the chromosome’s building material

Question 7

chromosome

Answer 7

structure within the nucleus that comprises chromatin that contains DNA

Question 8

cilium

Answer 8

short, hair-like structures that extend from the plasma membrane for movement

Question 9

cytoplasm

Answer 9

entire region between the cell membrane and the nuclear envelope, consisting of organelles suspended in cytosol, the cytoskeleton, and various chemicals

Question 10

cytoskeleton

Answer 10

protein fiber network that maintains the cells shape, secures organelles, and allows cytoplasm and vesicles to move within the cell, also allows unicellular organisms to move independently

Question 11

cytosol

Answer 11

the gel-like material in cytoplasm

Question 12

desmosome

Answer 12

linkages between epithelial cells that forms when cadherins in the plasma membrane attach to intermediate filaments

Question 13

endomembrane system

Answer 13

group of organelles and membranes in eukaryotic cells that work together modifying, packaging, and transporting lipids and proteins. Includes the nuclear membrane, the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vesicles, endosomes, and plasma membrane

Question 14

endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Answer 14

series of interconnected membranous structures within eukaryotic cells that collectively modify proteins and synthesize lipids

Question 15

eukaryotic cell

Answer 15

cell that has a membrane bound nucleus and several other membrane bound organelles

Question 16

extracellular matrix

Answer 16

material secreted from animal or fungal cells that provides mechanical protection and anchoring for the cells in the tissue

Question 17

flagellum

Answer 17

long hair like structures that extend from the plasma membrane for movement of the cell

Question 18

gap junction

Answer 18

channel between two adjacent animal cells that allow things to pass between cells and for the cells to communicate

Question 19

Golgi apparatus

Answer 19

eukaryotic organelle made of a series of stacked membranes that sort, tag, and package lipids and proteins

Question 20

intermediate filament

Answer 20

part of the cytoskeleton comprised of several strands of intertwined proteins that bears tension, supports junctions, and anchors cells

Question 21

lysosome

Answer 21

organelle in an animal cell that acts as its digestive component by breaking down proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, nucleic acids, and worn-out organelles

Question 22

microfilament

Answer 22

the most narrow part of the cytoskeleton that provides rigidity and shape and movement for the cell

Question 23

microtubule

Answer 23

the widest part of the cytoskeleton- helps resist compression, provides a track for vesicles to move across, pulls replicated chromosomes apart during division, and the structural element of centrioles, flagella, and cilia

Question 24

mitochondria

Answer 24

responsible for carrying out cellular respiration to create ATP

Question 25

nuclear envelope

Answer 25

double-membrane structure that constitutes the nucleus’ outermost position

Question 26

nucleoid

Answer 26

central part of a prokaryotic cell in the nucleus where the chromosome is located

Question 27

nucleoplasm

Answer 27

semi-solid fluid inside the nucleus that contains the chromatin and nucleolus

Question 28

nucleus

Answer 28

contains the cell’s DNA and directs ribosome and protein synthesis

Question 29

organelle

Answer 29

compartment or sac within a cell

Question 30

peroxisome

Answer 30

small and round organelle that carries hydrogen peroxide, oxidizes fatty acids and amino acids, and detoxifies many poisons

Question 31

plasma membrane

Answer 31

phospholipid bilayer embedded with proteins, separates the cells internal content from its environment

Question 32

plasmodesma

Answer 32

plant cell channel that allows things to pass through

Question 33

prokaryote

Answer 33

unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles

Question 34

ribosome

Answer 34

cellular structure that carries out protein synthesis

Question 35

rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)

Answer 35

region of the ER that is studded with ribosomes and engages in protein modification and phospholipid synthesis

Question 36

smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)

Answer 36

region of the ER with few or no ribosomes, synthesizes carbohydrates, lipids, and steroids; also detoxifies certain chemicals and stores calcium ions

Question 37

tight junction

Answer 37

protein adherence that creates a firm seal between two adjacent animal cells

Question 38

vacuole

Answer 38

membrane-bound sac, larger than a vesicle, which functions in cellular storage and transort

Question 39

vesicle

Answer 39

small-membrane-bound sac that functions in cellular storage and transport; capable of fusing with plasma membrane, ER, and gogi apparatus