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Bio 40A > Lab Exam 3 - Skeletal Muscles and Their Actions (Exercise 14) > Flashcards

Lab Exam 3 - Skeletal Muscles and Their Actions (Exercise 14) Flashcards

1
Q

Define Term: Origin

A

Point of attachment of the muscle tendon to the stationary bone (the bone which does not move with muscle contraction)

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2
Q

Define Term: Insertion

A

Point of attachment of the muscle tendon to the bone that moves with muscle contraction

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3
Q

Define Term: Action

A

The body movement that results from contraction of the muscle. During contraction, the insertion always moves toward the origin.

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4
Q

Define Term: Tendon

A

Tendons attach muscle to bone. They are extensions of the connective tissues surrounding the muscles, usually in long, parallel bundles. If the tendon is broad and flat, it is called an aponeurosis.

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5
Q

Understand the meaning of the folllowing terms with respect to muscle action: Flexor

A

A muscle that when contracted acts to bend a joint or limb in the body.

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6
Q

Understand the meaning of the folllowing terms with respect to muscle action: Extensor

A

A muscle that extends or straightens a limb or body part.

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7
Q

Understand the meaning of the folllowing terms with respect to muscle action: Abductor

A

A muscle that draws a body part, such as a finger, arm, or toe, away from the midline of the body or of an extremity.

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8
Q

Understand the meaning of the folllowing terms with respect to muscle action: Adductor

A

A muscle that draws a body part, such as a finger, arm, or toe, inward toward the median axis of the body or of an extremity.

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9
Q

Understand the meaning of the folllowing terms with respect to muscle action: Levator

A

A muscle that raises a bodily part.

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10
Q

Understand the meaning of the folllowing terms with respect to muscle action: Depressor

A

Any of various muscles that serve to draw down a part of the body.

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11
Q

Understand the meaning of the folllowing terms with respect to muscle action: Supinator

A

A muscle, especially in the forearm, that effects or assists supination.

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12
Q

Understand the meaning of the folllowing terms with respect to muscle action: Pronator

A

A muscle that effects or assists in pronation.

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13
Q

Understand the meaning of the folllowing terms with respect to muscle action: Sphincter

A

a ringlike muscle which closes a natural orifice or passage.

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14
Q

Understand the meaning of the folllowing terms with respect to muscle action: Tensor

A

A muscle that stretches or tightens a body part.

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15
Q

Understand the meaning of the folllowing terms with respect to muscle action: Rotator

A

A muscle that serves to rotate a part of the body.

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16
Q

Name the Origin, Insertion, and Action. Muscles of the Facial Expression: Frontalis

A

Origin: Epicranial Aponeurosis Insertion: Skin superior to superior to supraorbital margin Action: Raises eyebrows & wrinkles forehead

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17
Q

Name the Origin, Insertion, and Action. Muscles of the Facial Expression: Occipitalis

A

Origin: Occipital bone and mastoid process of the temporal bone Insertion: Epicranial Aponeurosis Action: Pulls scalp posteriorly

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18
Q

Name the Origin, Insertion, and Action. Muscles of the Facial Expression: Orbicularis oculi

A

Origin: Medial wall of orbit Insertion: Skin around margin of orbit Action: Closes Eye

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19
Q

Name the Origin, Insertion, and Action. Muscles of the Facial Expression: Zygomaticus Minor

A

Origin: Zygomatic Bone Insertion: Upper Lip Action: Raises upper lip, exposes upper teeth

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20
Q

Name the Origin, Insertion, and Action. Muscles of the Facial Expression: Zygomaticus Major

A

Origin: Zygomatic Bone Insertion: Skin and angle of mouth and orbicularis oris Action: Raises corner of mouth (smiling)

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21
Q

Name the Origin, Insertion, and Action. Muscles of the Facial Expression: Orbicularis Oris

A

Origin: muscle fibers surrounding mouth Insertion: Skin at the corner of mouth Action: Closes and purses lips

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22
Q

Name the Origin, Insertion, and Action. Muscles of the Facial Expression: Platysma

A

Origin: Fascia covering deltoid and pectoralis major Insertion: Mandible, Muscles around angle of mouth, and skin of lower face Action: Tenses neck skin, depresses mandible (pouting)

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23
Q

Name the Origin, Insertion, and Action. Muscles of the Mastication: Temporalis

A

Origin: Temporal Bone Insertion: Coronoid process and ramus of mandible Action: Elevates and retracts mandible

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24
Q

Name the Origin, Insertion, and Action. Muscles of the Mastication: Masseter

A

Origin: Maxilla and zygomatic arch Insertion: Ramus and angle of mandible Action: Elevates and retracts mandible

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25
Name the Origin, Insertion, and Action. Muscles that move the Head and Neck: Sternocleidomastoid
Origin: Sternum and clavicle Insertion: Mastoid process of temporal bone Action: Bilateral contraction flexes head. Unilateral contraction laterally flexes head and rotates it to the opposite side
26
Name the Origin, Insertion, and Action. Muscles that move the Head and Neck: Splenius Capitus
Origin: Ligamentum nuchae and spinous proess of vertebrae C7-T12 Insertion: Clavical, Acromion of Scapula, and Spine of Scapula Action: Extends Head and Elevates Scapula
27
Name the Origin, Insertion, and Action. Muscles that move the Head and Neck: Trapezius
Origin: Occipital bone and spines of C7 through T12 Insertion: Clavical and Scapula Action: superior fibers elevate scapulae, middle fibers adduct scapulae, inferior fibers depress scapulae
28
Name the Origin, Insertion, and Action. Muscle that only moves the scapula: Levator Scapulae
Origin: Vertebrae C1-C5 Insertion: Superior Vertebra and Border of Scapula Action: Elevates Scapula and Rotates it Downward, Stabilizes Scapula
29
Selected Muscles of the Head. Define 1.
1. Orbicularis oculi
30
Selected Muscles of the Head. Define 2.
2. Orbicularis oris
31
Selected Muscles of the Head. Define 3.
3. platysma
32
Selected Muscles of the Head. Define 4.
4. Frontalis
33
Selected Muscles of the Head. Define 5.
5. Zygomaticus minor
34
Selected Muscles of the Head. Define 6.
6. Zygomaticus major
35
Selected Muscles of the Head. Define 7.
7. Occipitalis
36
Selected Muscles of the Head. Define 8.
8. Frontalis
37
Selected Muscles of the Head. Define 9.
9. Orbicularis oculi
38
Selected Muscles of the Head. Define 10.
10. Zygomaticus major
39
Selected Muscles of the Head. Define 11.
11. Buccinator
40
Selected Muscles of the Head. Define 12.
12. Orbicularis oris
41
Selected Muscles of the Head. Define 13.
13. Masseter
42
Selected Muscles of the Head. Define 14.
14. Temporalis
43
Selected Muscles of the Head. Define 15.
15. Lateral pterygoid
44
Selected Muscles of the Head. Define 16.
16. Medial pterygoid
45
Selected Muscles of the Head. Define 17.
17. Orbicularis oris
46
Selected Muscles of the Head. Define 18.
18. Buccinator
47
Selected muscles of the chin and neck. Define 1.
1. Splenius capitis
48
Selected muscles of the chin and neck. Define 2.
2. sternocleidomastoid
49
Selected muscles of the chin and neck. Define 3.
3. trapezius
50
Selected muscles of the chin and neck. Define 4.
4. levator scapulae
51
Selected muscles of the chin and neck. Define 5.
5. scalene
52
Selected muscles of the chin and neck. Define 6.
6. digastric, anterior belly
53
Selected muscles of the chin and neck. Define 7.
7. mylohyoid
54
Selected muscles of the chin and neck. Define 8.
8. stylohyoid
55
Selected muscles of the chin and neck. Define 9.
9. digastic, posterior belly
56
Selected muscles of the chin and neck. Define 10.
10. omohyoid
57
Selected muscles of the chin and neck. Define 11.
11. sternocleidomastoid
58
Selected muscles of the chin and neck. Define 12.
12. sternohyoid
59
Selected muscles of the chin and neck. Define 13.
13. mylohyoid
60
Selected muscles of the chin and neck. Define 14.
14. scalenes
61
Selected muscles of the chin and neck. Define 15.
15. Levator scapulae
62
Muscles of the anterior trunk. Define 1.
1. Deltoid
63
Muscles of the anterior trunk. Define 2.
2. Pectoralis Major
64
Muscles of the anterior trunk. Define 3.
3. Pectoralis Minor
65
Muscles of the anterior trunk. Define 4.
4. Serratus anterior
66
Muscles of the anterior trunk. Define 5.
5. External Oblique
67
Muscles of the anterior trunk. Define 6.
6. Rectus Abdominis
68
Name the Origin, Insertion, and Action. Muscles that move the arm at the shoulder joint: Deltoid
Origins: Anterior Head = clavicle, lateral head = acromion of scapula, posterior head = spine of scapula Insertion: Deltoid Tuberosity of humerus Actions: Anterior head = raises arm anteriorly (flexion of arm at shoulder joint) Lateral Head = abduct arm at shoulder joint Posterior Head = raise arm posteriorly (extension of arm at shoulder joint)
69
Name the Origin, Insertion, and Action. Muscles that move the arm at the shoulder joint: Pectoralis Major
Origin: Clavicle, Sternum, and costal cartilages of ribs 2-6 Insertion: Greater Tubercle and Intertubercular groove of humerus Action: Adducts and medially rotates arm at shoulder joint
70
Name the action: Subscapularis
Action: Medially rotates arm
71
Name the Origin, Insertion, and Action. Muscles that move the abdominal wall: Rectus Abdominus
Origin: Superior Aspect of Pubic bones and pubic symphysis Insertion: Xiphoid process and costal cartilages of ribs 5-7 Action: Flexes vertebral column to draw chest anteriorly and inferiorly (as in performing sit-ups)
72
Name the Action: External Intercostals
raise ribs at inhalation, increasing size of thoracic cavity (muscles used in breathing)
73
Name the Action: Internal Intercostals
depresses ribs at exhalation, decreasing size of thoracic cavity (muscles used in breathing)
74
Describe and Name the action: Diaphragm
The diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscle inside the ventral body cavity. It separates the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities, with openings in the muscle for esophagus, aorta, and vena cava. Action: contraction of the diaphragm causes it to descend toward the abdomen (the dome flattens), which expands the size of the thoracic cavity resulting in inhalation; relaxation cuases it to resume its dome shape, which decreases the size of the thoracic cavity, resulting in exhalation.
75
Muscles of the Posterior Trunk. Define 1.
1. Trapezius
76
Muscles of the Posterior Trunk. Define 2.
2. Deltoid
77
Muscles of the Posterior Trunk. Define 3.
3. Latissimus dorsi
78
Muscles of the Posterior Trunk. Define 4.
4. Levator Scapulae
79
Muscles of the Posterior Trunk. Define 5.
5. rhomboid minor
80
Muscles of the Posterior Trunk. Define 6.
6. Supraspinatus
81
Muscles of the Posterior Trunk. Define 7.
7. infraspinatus
82
Muscles of the Posterior Trunk. Define 8.
8. teres minor
83
Muscles of the Posterior Trunk. Define 9.
9. rhomboid major
84
Muscles of the Posterior Trunk. Define 10.
10. teres major
85
Name the Action: Latissimus Dorsi
Action: Draws arm inferiorly and posteriorly
86
Muscles of the Arm. Anterior View. Define 1.
1. Biceps Brachii
87
Muscles of the Arm. Anterior View. Define 2.
2. Subscapularis
88
Muscles of the Arm. Anterior View. Define 3.
3. Teres major
89
Muscles of the Arm. Anterior View. Define 4.
4. Brachialis
90
Muscles of the Arm. Posterior View. Define 5.
5. Triceps Brachii, long head
91
Muscles of the Arm. Posterior View. Define 6.
6. Triceps Brachii, lateral head
92
Muscles of the Arm. Posterior View. Define 7.
7. Triceps Brachii, medial head
93
Name the Action, Origin, and Insertion. Muscles of the Arm: Biceps Brachii
Origin: Long head and short head both originate on scapula. Long Head is lateral to short head. Insertion: Proximal and medial aspect of the radius Action: Flexes the forearm at the elbow
94
Name the Action. Muscles of the Arm: Brachialis
Action: Flexes the forearm at the elbow
95
Name the Action, Origin, and Insertion. Muscles of the arm: Triceps Brachii
Origin: Long Head = Inferior to glenoid cavity of scapula Medial Head = Posterior humerus inferior to groove for radial nerve Lateral Head: Posterior surface of lateral humerus, superior to radial groove Insertion: Olecranon of Ulna Action: Extends the forearm at the elbow
96
Muscles of the forearm, wrist, and hands. Anterior Superficial View. Define 1.
1. Pronator Teres
97
Muscles of the forearm, wrist, and hands. Anterior Superficial View. Define 2.
2. Flexor Carpi Radialis
98
Muscles of the forearm, wrist, and hands. Anterior Superficial View. Define 3.
3. Brachioradialis
99
Muscles of the forearm, wrist, and hands. Anterior Superficial View. Define 4.
4. Palmaris Longus
100
Muscles of the forearm, wrist, and hands. Anterior Superficial View. Define 5.
5. Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
101
Muscles of the forearm, wrist, and hands. Anterior Deep View. Define 6.
6. supinator
102
Muscles of the forearm, wrist, and hands. Anterior Deep View. Define 7.
7. Flexor Digitorum Profundus
103
Muscles of the forearm, wrist, and hands. Anterior Deep View. Define 8.
8. Flexor Pollicis Longus
104
Name the Action: Brachioradialis
Flexes the forearm at the elbow
105
Name the Action: Pronator Quadratus
Prime mover of forearm pronation. Resists separation of radius and ulna when force applied to wrist
106
Name the Action, Origin, and Insertion. Muscles that move the hand: Flexor Carpi Radialis
Origin: distal and medial aspect of humerus (medial epicondyle of the humerus) Insertion: Metacarpals Action: Flexes the hand anteriorly at the wrist
107
Name the Action, Origin, and Insertion. Muscles that move the hand: Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
Found Deep to flexor carpi radialis Actions: Flexes wrist Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus Insertion: Middle Phalanges (fingers 2-5)
108
Name the Action: Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Action: Flexes wrist. Aids in ulnar flexion of wrist..
109
Muscles of the forearm, wrist, and hands. Posterior Superficial View. Define 9.
9. Extensor carpi radialis longus
110
Muscles of the forearm, wrist, and hands. Posterior Superficial View. Define 10.
10. Flexor carpi ulnaris
111
Muscles of the forearm, wrist, and hands. Posterior Superficial View. Define 11.
11. Extensor carpi radialis brevis
112
Muscles of the forearm, wrist, and hands. Posterior Superficial View. Define 12.
12. extensor carpi ulnaris
113
Muscles of the forearm, wrist, and hands. Posterior Superficial View. Define 13.
13. Extensor digiti minimi
114
Muscles of the forearm, wrist, and hands. Posterior Superficial View. Define 14.
14. Extensor digitorum
115
Muscles of the forearm, wrist, and hands. Posterior Superficial View. Define 15.
15. Supinator
116
Muscles of the forearm, wrist, and hands. Posterior Superficial View. Define 16.
16. Extensor pollicis longus
117
Name the Action: Flexor Digitorum Profundus
Deep to the flexor digitorium superficialis. Action: Flexes wrist. Sole flexor of the distal interphalangeal joints
118
Name the Action, Origin, and Insertion. Muscles that move the hand: Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
Origin: Distal and Lateral Aspect of Humerus Insertion: Metacarpals Action: Extends the hand posteriorly at the wrist
119
Name the Action, Origin, and Insertion. Muscles that move the hand: Extensor Digitorum
Origin: Lateral Epicondyle of Humerus Insertion: Phalanges 2-5 Action: Extends wrist. Spreads digits apart.
120
Name the Action: Extensor Digiti minimi
Action: Extends wrist and all joints of pinky finger
121
Name the Action: Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
Actions: Extends and fixes wrist in place when fist is clenched.
122
Name the Action: Abductor pollicus longus
Pollicus = thumb Actions: Abducts thumb in palmar plane. Extends thumb at carpometacarpal joint.
123
Muscles of the Thigh. Anterior superficial view. Define 1.
1. Iliacus
124
Muscles of the Thigh. Anterior superficial view. Define 2.
2. Psoas Major
125
Muscles of the Thigh. Anterior superficial view. Define 3.
3. Tensor Fasciae Latae
126
Muscles of the Thigh. Anterior superficial view. Define 4.
4. Rectus Femoris
127
Muscles of the Thigh. Anterior superficial view. Define 5.
5. Vastus Intermedius
128
Muscles of the Thigh. Anterior superficial view. Define 6.
6. Vastus Lateralis
129
Muscles of the Thigh. Anterior superficial view. Define 7.
7. Pectineus
130
Muscles of the Thigh. Anterior superficial view. Define 8.
8. Adductor Longus
131
Muscles of the Thigh. Anterior superficial view. Define 9.
9. Gracilis
132
Muscles of the Thigh. Anterior superficial view. Define 10.
10. Sartorius
133
Muscles of the Thigh. Anterior superficial view. Define 11.
11. Vastus Medialis
134
Muscles of the Thigh. Anterior Deep view. Define 12.
12. Adductor Brevis
135
Muscles of the Thigh. Anterior Deep view. Define 13.
13. Gracilis
136
Muscles of the Thigh. Anterior Deep view. Define 14.
14. Adductor Magnus
137
Muscles of the Thigh. Define 15.
15. Gluteus Medius
138
Muscles of the Thigh. Define 16.
16. Piriform
139
Muscles of the Thigh. Define 17.
17. Biceps Femoris
140
Muscles of the Thigh. Define 18.
18. Gluteus Maximus
141
Muscles of the Thigh. Define 19.
19. Semitendinosus
142
Muscles of the Thigh. Define 20.
20. Semimembranosus
143
Name the Origin, Insertion, and Action. Muscles of the Thigh: Quadriceps
Quadriceps: Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius. Origin: Lateral aspect of femur (except for rectus femoris, orgin = anterior aspect of ilium) Insertion: Patella (via tendon of quadriceps femoris) Action: extends the lef at the knee (acting alone, the rectus femoris flexes the thigh anteriorly at the hip)
144
Name the Action: Sartorius
flexes the leg at the knee, flexion of the thigh at the hip, and lateral rotation of the lef (as in swuatting with knees pointed laterally)
145
Name the action: Gracilis
Adducts and medially rotates thigh
146
Name the action: Gluteus maximus
Extends the thigh posteriorly at the hip, lateral rotation of thigh
147
Name the Origin, Insertion, and Action. Muscles of the Thigh: Hamstrings
Hamstrings = biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimemranosus (semimembranosus is deep to semitendinosus, and biceps femoris is lateral to semimembranosus and semitendinosus) Origin: Ischial Tuberosity Insertion: Proximal End of the Tibia Action: Flexes the lef at the knee and extends thigh posteriorly at the hip
148
Muscles of the Leg, Ankle, and Foot. Define 1.
1. Fibularis Longus
149
Muscles of the Leg, Ankle, and Foot. Define 2.
2. Tibialis Anterior
150
Muscles of the Leg, Ankle, and Foot. Define 3.
3. Extensor Digitorum Longus
151
Muscles of the Leg, Ankle, and Foot. Define 4.
4. Fibularis Brevis
152
Muscles of the Leg, Ankle, and Foot. Define 5.
5. Gastrocnemius
153
Muscles of the Leg, Ankle, and Foot. Define 6.
6. Soleus
154
Muscles of the Leg, Ankle, and Foot. Define 7.
7. Fibularis Longus
155
Muscles of the Leg, Ankle, and Foot. Define 8.
8. Extensor Digitorum Longus
156
Muscles of the Leg, Ankle, and Foot. Define 9.
9. Tibialis Anterior
157
Muscles of the Leg, Ankle, and Foot. Define 10.
10. Gastrocnemius
158
Muscles of the Leg, Ankle, and Foot. Define 11.
11. Soleus
159
Muscles of the Leg, Ankle, and Foot. Define 12.
12. Flexor Hallucis Longus
160
Muscles of the Leg, Ankle, and Foot. Define 13.
13. Flexor Digitorum Longus
161
Name the Origin, Insertion, and Action. Muscles of the Lower Leg and Foot: Tibialis Anterior
Origins: lateral condyle, body of tibia Insertions: 1st metatarsal, medial cuneiform Actions: Dorsiflexes and inverts foot. Resists backward tipping of body. Helps support arch of foot.
162
Name the action: Extensor Hallucis Longus
Halucis = big toe Action: Extends big toe. Dorsiflexes foot.
163
Name the Action: Extensor digitorum longus
Extends toes. Dorsiflexes foot. Tautens plantar aponeurosis.
164
Name the Action: Fibularis (peroneus) longus
Plantar flexes and everts foot
165
Name the Origin, Insertion, and Action. Muscles of the Lower Leg and Foot: Gastrocnemius
Origin: Medial and lateral condyle of femur Insertion: Calcaneus (cia the calcanel or Achilles tendon) Action: Extends foot at ankle (plantar flexion, as in pointing the toes)
166
Name the Action and location: Soleus
Location: Deep to the gastrocnemius Action: Plantar Flexes foot
167
Name the action: Pronator Teres
Pronator teres pronates the forearm, turning the hand posteriorly. If the elbow is flexed to a right angle, then pronator teres will turn the hand so that the palm faces inferiorly. It is assisted in this action by pronator quadratus.
168
Name the action: Supinator
supinator brings the hand into the supinated position. In contrast to the biceps brachii, it is able to do this in all positions of elbow flexion and extension. [1]

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