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Bio 40A > Lab Exam 3 - Skeletal Muscles and Their Actions (Exercise 14) > Flashcards

Lab Exam 3 - Skeletal Muscles and Their Actions (Exercise 14) Flashcards

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1
Q

Define Term: Origin

A

Point of attachment of the muscle tendon to the stationary bone (the bone which does not move with muscle contraction)

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2
Q

Define Term: Insertion

A

Point of attachment of the muscle tendon to the bone that moves with muscle contraction

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3
Q

Define Term: Action

A

The body movement that results from contraction of the muscle. During contraction, the insertion always moves toward the origin.

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4
Q

Define Term: Tendon

A

Tendons attach muscle to bone. They are extensions of the connective tissues surrounding the muscles, usually in long, parallel bundles. If the tendon is broad and flat, it is called an aponeurosis.

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5
Q

Understand the meaning of the folllowing terms with respect to muscle action: Flexor

A

A muscle that when contracted acts to bend a joint or limb in the body.

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6
Q

Understand the meaning of the folllowing terms with respect to muscle action: Extensor

A

A muscle that extends or straightens a limb or body part.

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7
Q

Understand the meaning of the folllowing terms with respect to muscle action: Abductor

A

A muscle that draws a body part, such as a finger, arm, or toe, away from the midline of the body or of an extremity.

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8
Q

Understand the meaning of the folllowing terms with respect to muscle action: Adductor

A

A muscle that draws a body part, such as a finger, arm, or toe, inward toward the median axis of the body or of an extremity.

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9
Q

Understand the meaning of the folllowing terms with respect to muscle action: Levator

A

A muscle that raises a bodily part.

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10
Q

Understand the meaning of the folllowing terms with respect to muscle action: Depressor

A

Any of various muscles that serve to draw down a part of the body.

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11
Q

Understand the meaning of the folllowing terms with respect to muscle action: Supinator

A

A muscle, especially in the forearm, that effects or assists supination.

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12
Q

Understand the meaning of the folllowing terms with respect to muscle action: Pronator

A

A muscle that effects or assists in pronation.

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13
Q

Understand the meaning of the folllowing terms with respect to muscle action: Sphincter

A

a ringlike muscle which closes a natural orifice or passage.

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14
Q

Understand the meaning of the folllowing terms with respect to muscle action: Tensor

A

A muscle that stretches or tightens a body part.

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15
Q

Understand the meaning of the folllowing terms with respect to muscle action: Rotator

A

A muscle that serves to rotate a part of the body.

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16
Q

Name the Origin, Insertion, and Action. Muscles of the Facial Expression: Frontalis

A

Origin: Epicranial Aponeurosis Insertion: Skin superior to superior to supraorbital margin Action: Raises eyebrows & wrinkles forehead

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17
Q

Name the Origin, Insertion, and Action. Muscles of the Facial Expression: Occipitalis

A

Origin: Occipital bone and mastoid process of the temporal bone Insertion: Epicranial Aponeurosis Action: Pulls scalp posteriorly

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18
Q

Name the Origin, Insertion, and Action. Muscles of the Facial Expression: Orbicularis oculi

A

Origin: Medial wall of orbit Insertion: Skin around margin of orbit Action: Closes Eye

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19
Q

Name the Origin, Insertion, and Action. Muscles of the Facial Expression: Zygomaticus Minor

A

Origin: Zygomatic Bone Insertion: Upper Lip Action: Raises upper lip, exposes upper teeth

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20
Q

Name the Origin, Insertion, and Action. Muscles of the Facial Expression: Zygomaticus Major

A

Origin: Zygomatic Bone Insertion: Skin and angle of mouth and orbicularis oris Action: Raises corner of mouth (smiling)

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21
Q

Name the Origin, Insertion, and Action. Muscles of the Facial Expression: Orbicularis Oris

A

Origin: muscle fibers surrounding mouth Insertion: Skin at the corner of mouth Action: Closes and purses lips

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22
Q

Name the Origin, Insertion, and Action. Muscles of the Facial Expression: Platysma

A

Origin: Fascia covering deltoid and pectoralis major Insertion: Mandible, Muscles around angle of mouth, and skin of lower face Action: Tenses neck skin, depresses mandible (pouting)

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23
Q

Name the Origin, Insertion, and Action. Muscles of the Mastication: Temporalis

A

Origin: Temporal Bone Insertion: Coronoid process and ramus of mandible Action: Elevates and retracts mandible

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24
Q

Name the Origin, Insertion, and Action. Muscles of the Mastication: Masseter

A

Origin: Maxilla and zygomatic arch Insertion: Ramus and angle of mandible Action: Elevates and retracts mandible

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25
Q

Name the Origin, Insertion, and Action. Muscles that move the Head and Neck: Sternocleidomastoid

A

Origin: Sternum and clavicle Insertion: Mastoid process of temporal bone Action: Bilateral contraction flexes head. Unilateral contraction laterally flexes head and rotates it to the opposite side

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26
Q

Name the Origin, Insertion, and Action. Muscles that move the Head and Neck: Splenius Capitus

A

Origin: Ligamentum nuchae and spinous proess of vertebrae C7-T12 Insertion: Clavical, Acromion of Scapula, and Spine of Scapula Action: Extends Head and Elevates Scapula

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27
Q

Name the Origin, Insertion, and Action. Muscles that move the Head and Neck: Trapezius

A

Origin: Occipital bone and spines of C7 through T12 Insertion: Clavical and Scapula Action: superior fibers elevate scapulae, middle fibers adduct scapulae, inferior fibers depress scapulae

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28
Q

Name the Origin, Insertion, and Action. Muscle that only moves the scapula: Levator Scapulae

A

Origin: Vertebrae C1-C5 Insertion: Superior Vertebra and Border of Scapula Action: Elevates Scapula and Rotates it Downward, Stabilizes Scapula

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29
Q

Selected Muscles of the Head. Define 1.

A
  1. Orbicularis oculi
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30
Q

Selected Muscles of the Head. Define 2.

A
  1. Orbicularis oris
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31
Q

Selected Muscles of the Head. Define 3.

A
  1. platysma
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32
Q

Selected Muscles of the Head. Define 4.

A
  1. Frontalis
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33
Q

Selected Muscles of the Head. Define 5.

A
  1. Zygomaticus minor
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34
Q

Selected Muscles of the Head. Define 6.

A
  1. Zygomaticus major
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35
Q

Selected Muscles of the Head. Define 7.

A
  1. Occipitalis
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36
Q

Selected Muscles of the Head. Define 8.

A
  1. Frontalis
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37
Q

Selected Muscles of the Head. Define 9.

A
  1. Orbicularis oculi
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38
Q

Selected Muscles of the Head. Define 10.

A
  1. Zygomaticus major
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39
Q

Selected Muscles of the Head. Define 11.

A
  1. Buccinator
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40
Q

Selected Muscles of the Head. Define 12.

A
  1. Orbicularis oris
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41
Q

Selected Muscles of the Head. Define 13.

A
  1. Masseter
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42
Q

Selected Muscles of the Head. Define 14.

A
  1. Temporalis
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43
Q

Selected Muscles of the Head. Define 15.

A
  1. Lateral pterygoid
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44
Q

Selected Muscles of the Head. Define 16.

A
  1. Medial pterygoid
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45
Q

Selected Muscles of the Head. Define 17.

A
  1. Orbicularis oris
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46
Q

Selected Muscles of the Head. Define 18.

A
  1. Buccinator
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47
Q

Selected muscles of the chin and neck. Define 1.

A
  1. Splenius capitis
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48
Q

Selected muscles of the chin and neck. Define 2.

A
  1. sternocleidomastoid
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49
Q

Selected muscles of the chin and neck. Define 3.

A
  1. trapezius
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50
Q

Selected muscles of the chin and neck. Define 4.

A
  1. levator scapulae
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51
Q

Selected muscles of the chin and neck. Define 5.

A
  1. scalene
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52
Q

Selected muscles of the chin and neck. Define 6.

A
  1. digastric, anterior belly
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53
Q

Selected muscles of the chin and neck. Define 7.

A
  1. mylohyoid
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54
Q

Selected muscles of the chin and neck. Define 8.

A
  1. stylohyoid
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55
Q

Selected muscles of the chin and neck. Define 9.

A
  1. digastic, posterior belly
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56
Q

Selected muscles of the chin and neck. Define 10.

A
  1. omohyoid
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57
Q

Selected muscles of the chin and neck. Define 11.

A
  1. sternocleidomastoid
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58
Q

Selected muscles of the chin and neck. Define 12.

A
  1. sternohyoid
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59
Q

Selected muscles of the chin and neck. Define 13.

A
  1. mylohyoid
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60
Q

Selected muscles of the chin and neck. Define 14.

A
  1. scalenes
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61
Q

Selected muscles of the chin and neck. Define 15.

A
  1. Levator scapulae
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62
Q

Muscles of the anterior trunk. Define 1.

A
  1. Deltoid
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63
Q

Muscles of the anterior trunk. Define 2.

A
  1. Pectoralis Major
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64
Q

Muscles of the anterior trunk. Define 3.

A
  1. Pectoralis Minor
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65
Q

Muscles of the anterior trunk. Define 4.

A
  1. Serratus anterior
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66
Q

Muscles of the anterior trunk. Define 5.

A
  1. External Oblique
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67
Q

Muscles of the anterior trunk. Define 6.

A
  1. Rectus Abdominis
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68
Q

Name the Origin, Insertion, and Action. Muscles that move the arm at the shoulder joint: Deltoid

A

Origins: Anterior Head = clavicle, lateral head = acromion of scapula, posterior head = spine of scapula Insertion: Deltoid Tuberosity of humerus Actions: Anterior head = raises arm anteriorly (flexion of arm at shoulder joint) Lateral Head = abduct arm at shoulder joint Posterior Head = raise arm posteriorly (extension of arm at shoulder joint)

69
Q

Name the Origin, Insertion, and Action. Muscles that move the arm at the shoulder joint: Pectoralis Major

A

Origin: Clavicle, Sternum, and costal cartilages of ribs 2-6 Insertion: Greater Tubercle and Intertubercular groove of humerus Action: Adducts and medially rotates arm at shoulder joint

70
Q

Name the action: Subscapularis

A

Action: Medially rotates arm

71
Q

Name the Origin, Insertion, and Action. Muscles that move the abdominal wall: Rectus Abdominus

A

Origin: Superior Aspect of Pubic bones and pubic symphysis Insertion: Xiphoid process and costal cartilages of ribs 5-7 Action: Flexes vertebral column to draw chest anteriorly and inferiorly (as in performing sit-ups)

72
Q

Name the Action: External Intercostals

A

raise ribs at inhalation, increasing size of thoracic cavity (muscles used in breathing)

73
Q

Name the Action: Internal Intercostals

A

depresses ribs at exhalation, decreasing size of thoracic cavity (muscles used in breathing)

74
Q

Describe and Name the action: Diaphragm

A

The diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscle inside the ventral body cavity. It separates the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities, with openings in the muscle for esophagus, aorta, and vena cava. Action: contraction of the diaphragm causes it to descend toward the abdomen (the dome flattens), which expands the size of the thoracic cavity resulting in inhalation; relaxation cuases it to resume its dome shape, which decreases the size of the thoracic cavity, resulting in exhalation.

75
Q

Muscles of the Posterior Trunk. Define 1.

A
  1. Trapezius
76
Q

Muscles of the Posterior Trunk. Define 2.

A
  1. Deltoid
77
Q

Muscles of the Posterior Trunk. Define 3.

A
  1. Latissimus dorsi
78
Q

Muscles of the Posterior Trunk. Define 4.

A
  1. Levator Scapulae
79
Q

Muscles of the Posterior Trunk. Define 5.

A
  1. rhomboid minor
80
Q

Muscles of the Posterior Trunk. Define 6.

A
  1. Supraspinatus
81
Q

Muscles of the Posterior Trunk. Define 7.

A
  1. infraspinatus
82
Q

Muscles of the Posterior Trunk. Define 8.

A
  1. teres minor
83
Q

Muscles of the Posterior Trunk. Define 9.

A
  1. rhomboid major
84
Q

Muscles of the Posterior Trunk. Define 10.

A
  1. teres major
85
Q

Name the Action: Latissimus Dorsi

A

Action: Draws arm inferiorly and posteriorly

86
Q

Muscles of the Arm. Anterior View. Define 1.

A
  1. Biceps Brachii
87
Q

Muscles of the Arm. Anterior View. Define 2.

A
  1. Subscapularis
88
Q

Muscles of the Arm. Anterior View. Define 3.

A
  1. Teres major
89
Q

Muscles of the Arm. Anterior View. Define 4.

A
  1. Brachialis
90
Q

Muscles of the Arm. Posterior View. Define 5.

A
  1. Triceps Brachii, long head
91
Q

Muscles of the Arm. Posterior View. Define 6.

A
  1. Triceps Brachii, lateral head
92
Q

Muscles of the Arm. Posterior View. Define 7.

A
  1. Triceps Brachii, medial head
93
Q

Name the Action, Origin, and Insertion. Muscles of the Arm: Biceps Brachii

A

Origin: Long head and short head both originate on scapula. Long Head is lateral to short head. Insertion: Proximal and medial aspect of the radius Action: Flexes the forearm at the elbow

94
Q

Name the Action. Muscles of the Arm: Brachialis

A

Action: Flexes the forearm at the elbow

95
Q

Name the Action, Origin, and Insertion. Muscles of the arm: Triceps Brachii

A

Origin: Long Head = Inferior to glenoid cavity of scapula Medial Head = Posterior humerus inferior to groove for radial nerve Lateral Head: Posterior surface of lateral humerus, superior to radial groove Insertion: Olecranon of Ulna Action: Extends the forearm at the elbow

96
Q

Muscles of the forearm, wrist, and hands. Anterior Superficial View. Define 1.

A
  1. Pronator Teres
97
Q

Muscles of the forearm, wrist, and hands. Anterior Superficial View. Define 2.

A
  1. Flexor Carpi Radialis
98
Q

Muscles of the forearm, wrist, and hands. Anterior Superficial View. Define 3.

A
  1. Brachioradialis
99
Q

Muscles of the forearm, wrist, and hands. Anterior Superficial View. Define 4.

A
  1. Palmaris Longus
100
Q

Muscles of the forearm, wrist, and hands. Anterior Superficial View. Define 5.

A
  1. Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
101
Q

Muscles of the forearm, wrist, and hands. Anterior Deep View. Define 6.

A
  1. supinator
102
Q

Muscles of the forearm, wrist, and hands. Anterior Deep View. Define 7.

A
  1. Flexor Digitorum Profundus
103
Q

Muscles of the forearm, wrist, and hands. Anterior Deep View. Define 8.

A
  1. Flexor Pollicis Longus
104
Q

Name the Action: Brachioradialis

A

Flexes the forearm at the elbow

105
Q

Name the Action: Pronator Quadratus

A

Prime mover of forearm pronation. Resists separation of radius and ulna when force applied to wrist

106
Q

Name the Action, Origin, and Insertion. Muscles that move the hand: Flexor Carpi Radialis

A

Origin: distal and medial aspect of humerus (medial epicondyle of the humerus) Insertion: Metacarpals Action: Flexes the hand anteriorly at the wrist

107
Q

Name the Action, Origin, and Insertion. Muscles that move the hand: Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

A

Found Deep to flexor carpi radialis Actions: Flexes wrist Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus Insertion: Middle Phalanges (fingers 2-5)

108
Q

Name the Action: Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

A

Action: Flexes wrist. Aids in ulnar flexion of wrist..

109
Q

Muscles of the forearm, wrist, and hands. Posterior Superficial View. Define 9.

A
  1. Extensor carpi radialis longus
110
Q

Muscles of the forearm, wrist, and hands. Posterior Superficial View. Define 10.

A
  1. Flexor carpi ulnaris
111
Q

Muscles of the forearm, wrist, and hands. Posterior Superficial View. Define 11.

A
  1. Extensor carpi radialis brevis
112
Q

Muscles of the forearm, wrist, and hands. Posterior Superficial View. Define 12.

A
  1. extensor carpi ulnaris
113
Q

Muscles of the forearm, wrist, and hands. Posterior Superficial View. Define 13.

A
  1. Extensor digiti minimi
114
Q

Muscles of the forearm, wrist, and hands. Posterior Superficial View. Define 14.

A
  1. Extensor digitorum
115
Q

Muscles of the forearm, wrist, and hands. Posterior Superficial View. Define 15.

A
  1. Supinator
116
Q

Muscles of the forearm, wrist, and hands. Posterior Superficial View. Define 16.

A
  1. Extensor pollicis longus
117
Q

Name the Action: Flexor Digitorum Profundus

A

Deep to the flexor digitorium superficialis. Action: Flexes wrist. Sole flexor of the distal interphalangeal joints

118
Q

Name the Action, Origin, and Insertion. Muscles that move the hand: Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

A

Origin: Distal and Lateral Aspect of Humerus Insertion: Metacarpals Action: Extends the hand posteriorly at the wrist

119
Q

Name the Action, Origin, and Insertion. Muscles that move the hand: Extensor Digitorum

A

Origin: Lateral Epicondyle of Humerus Insertion: Phalanges 2-5 Action: Extends wrist. Spreads digits apart.

120
Q

Name the Action: Extensor Digiti minimi

A

Action: Extends wrist and all joints of pinky finger

121
Q

Name the Action: Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

A

Actions: Extends and fixes wrist in place when fist is clenched.

122
Q

Name the Action: Abductor pollicus longus

A

Pollicus = thumb Actions: Abducts thumb in palmar plane. Extends thumb at carpometacarpal joint.

123
Q

Muscles of the Thigh. Anterior superficial view. Define 1.

A
  1. Iliacus
124
Q

Muscles of the Thigh. Anterior superficial view. Define 2.

A
  1. Psoas Major
125
Q

Muscles of the Thigh. Anterior superficial view. Define 3.

A
  1. Tensor Fasciae Latae
126
Q

Muscles of the Thigh. Anterior superficial view. Define 4.

A
  1. Rectus Femoris
127
Q

Muscles of the Thigh. Anterior superficial view. Define 5.

A
  1. Vastus Intermedius
128
Q

Muscles of the Thigh. Anterior superficial view. Define 6.

A
  1. Vastus Lateralis
129
Q

Muscles of the Thigh. Anterior superficial view. Define 7.

A
  1. Pectineus
130
Q

Muscles of the Thigh. Anterior superficial view. Define 8.

A
  1. Adductor Longus
131
Q

Muscles of the Thigh. Anterior superficial view. Define 9.

A
  1. Gracilis
132
Q

Muscles of the Thigh. Anterior superficial view. Define 10.

A
  1. Sartorius
133
Q

Muscles of the Thigh. Anterior superficial view. Define 11.

A
  1. Vastus Medialis
134
Q

Muscles of the Thigh. Anterior Deep view. Define 12.

A
  1. Adductor Brevis
135
Q

Muscles of the Thigh. Anterior Deep view. Define 13.

A
  1. Gracilis
136
Q

Muscles of the Thigh. Anterior Deep view. Define 14.

A
  1. Adductor Magnus
137
Q

Muscles of the Thigh. Define 15.

A
  1. Gluteus Medius
138
Q

Muscles of the Thigh. Define 16.

A
  1. Piriform
139
Q

Muscles of the Thigh. Define 17.

A
  1. Biceps Femoris
140
Q

Muscles of the Thigh. Define 18.

A
  1. Gluteus Maximus
141
Q

Muscles of the Thigh. Define 19.

A
  1. Semitendinosus
142
Q

Muscles of the Thigh. Define 20.

A
  1. Semimembranosus
143
Q

Name the Origin, Insertion, and Action. Muscles of the Thigh: Quadriceps

A

Quadriceps: Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius. Origin: Lateral aspect of femur (except for rectus femoris, orgin = anterior aspect of ilium) Insertion: Patella (via tendon of quadriceps femoris) Action: extends the lef at the knee (acting alone, the rectus femoris flexes the thigh anteriorly at the hip)

144
Q

Name the Action: Sartorius

A

flexes the leg at the knee, flexion of the thigh at the hip, and lateral rotation of the lef (as in swuatting with knees pointed laterally)

145
Q

Name the action: Gracilis

A

Adducts and medially rotates thigh

146
Q

Name the action: Gluteus maximus

A

Extends the thigh posteriorly at the hip, lateral rotation of thigh

147
Q

Name the Origin, Insertion, and Action. Muscles of the Thigh: Hamstrings

A

Hamstrings = biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimemranosus (semimembranosus is deep to semitendinosus, and biceps femoris is lateral to semimembranosus and semitendinosus) Origin: Ischial Tuberosity Insertion: Proximal End of the Tibia Action: Flexes the lef at the knee and extends thigh posteriorly at the hip

148
Q

Muscles of the Leg, Ankle, and Foot. Define 1.

A
  1. Fibularis Longus
149
Q

Muscles of the Leg, Ankle, and Foot. Define 2.

A
  1. Tibialis Anterior
150
Q

Muscles of the Leg, Ankle, and Foot. Define 3.

A
  1. Extensor Digitorum Longus
151
Q

Muscles of the Leg, Ankle, and Foot. Define 4.

A
  1. Fibularis Brevis
152
Q

Muscles of the Leg, Ankle, and Foot. Define 5.

A
  1. Gastrocnemius
153
Q

Muscles of the Leg, Ankle, and Foot. Define 6.

A
  1. Soleus
154
Q

Muscles of the Leg, Ankle, and Foot. Define 7.

A
  1. Fibularis Longus
155
Q

Muscles of the Leg, Ankle, and Foot. Define 8.

A
  1. Extensor Digitorum Longus
156
Q

Muscles of the Leg, Ankle, and Foot. Define 9.

A
  1. Tibialis Anterior
157
Q

Muscles of the Leg, Ankle, and Foot. Define 10.

A
  1. Gastrocnemius
158
Q

Muscles of the Leg, Ankle, and Foot. Define 11.

A
  1. Soleus
159
Q

Muscles of the Leg, Ankle, and Foot. Define 12.

A
  1. Flexor Hallucis Longus
160
Q

Muscles of the Leg, Ankle, and Foot. Define 13.

A
  1. Flexor Digitorum Longus
161
Q

Name the Origin, Insertion, and Action. Muscles of the Lower Leg and Foot: Tibialis Anterior

A

Origins: lateral condyle, body of tibia Insertions: 1st metatarsal, medial cuneiform Actions: Dorsiflexes and inverts foot. Resists backward tipping of body. Helps support arch of foot.

162
Q

Name the action: Extensor Hallucis Longus

A

Halucis = big toe Action: Extends big toe. Dorsiflexes foot.

163
Q

Name the Action: Extensor digitorum longus

A

Extends toes. Dorsiflexes foot. Tautens plantar aponeurosis.

164
Q

Name the Action: Fibularis (peroneus) longus

A

Plantar flexes and everts foot

165
Q

Name the Origin, Insertion, and Action. Muscles of the Lower Leg and Foot: Gastrocnemius

A

Origin: Medial and lateral condyle of femur Insertion: Calcaneus (cia the calcanel or Achilles tendon) Action: Extends foot at ankle (plantar flexion, as in pointing the toes)

166
Q

Name the Action and location: Soleus

A

Location: Deep to the gastrocnemius Action: Plantar Flexes foot

167
Q

Name the action: Pronator Teres

A

Pronator teres pronates the forearm, turning the hand posteriorly. If the elbow is flexed to a right angle, then pronator teres will turn the hand so that the palm faces inferiorly. It is assisted in this action by pronator quadratus.

168
Q

Name the action: Supinator

A

supinator brings the hand into the supinated position. In contrast to the biceps brachii, it is able to do this in all positions of elbow flexion and extension. [1]

Bio 40A (23 decks)

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