Chapter 1-4 In Class Quiz Questions

Question 1

Name the enzyme that breaks down sucrose.

Answer 1

Sucrase

Question 2

Define: Amphipathic

Answer 2

Having polar and non-polar regions

Question 3

3 components of a nucleotide?

Answer 3

Nitrogenous base, pentose sugar, and a phosphate group

Question 4

Where is the K+ concentration highest? Inside or outside the cell? Why?

Answer 4

Inside the cell b/c of the sodium-potassium ATPase pump.

Question 5

What is the term we use for the electrical gradient across a cell membrane?

Answer 5

membrane potential

Question 6

Where would you expect a cell receptor for a protein horomone to be? Why?

Answer 6

an integral protein of the plasma membrane, because proteins cannot ge tthrough the membrane w/o a special transport mechanism

Question 7

What is clathrin?

Answer 7

a protein that covers the membrane at the side where receptor-mediated endocytosis will take place (Figure 3-10)

Question 8

What are the two major phagocytic cell types?

Answer 8

Neutrophils and Macrophages - both white blood cells

Question 9

What is the name of the process by which material moves out of the cell in vesicles?

Answer 9

Exocytosis

Question 10

Name the three types of cytoskeletal filaments:

Answer 10

Microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules

Question 11

What do you call the type of bond that is formed when two or more atoms share electrons?

Answer 11

covalent bond

Question 12

Define the term: Ion

Answer 12

an atom that has a postive or negative charge due to an unequal number of protons and electrons

Question 13

What do you call a positively charged ion?

Answer 13

Cation

Question 14

What do you call a negatively charged ion?

Answer 14

Anion

Question 15

What is the term for the sum of all the reactions in the body?

Answer 15

Metabolism

Question 16

What is the term for the breakdown reactions?

Answer 16

Catabolism

Question 17

What is the term for the buildup reactions?

Answer 17

Anabolism

Question 18

What are the four most common elements in the body?

Answer 18

Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogent

Question 19

Is water polar or non-polar? Give a reason for your answer.

Answer 19

Polar, because of unequal distribution of charge

Question 20

What is an enzyme?

Answer 20

A biological catalyst

Question 21

What do enzymes do?

Answer 21

speed of biological reactions

Question 22

What cell organelle is responsible for making ATP?

Answer 22

Mitochondria

Question 23

What is the significance of ATP in the body?

Answer 23

Energy storage and release (stores energy in 3rd phosphate bond)

Question 24

What is the major stored form of carbohydrates in animals?

Answer 24

Glycogen (mostly in liver and muscles)

Question 25

What would you call a molecule that has a glycerol backbone and 3 fatty acids attached?

Answer 25

A triglyceride

Question 26

Which type of junction allows for communication between cells?

Answer 26

Gap Junctions

Question 27

What transmembrane proteins are present in adherens junctions and desmosomes?

Answer 27

Cadherins

Question 28

What type of product does a serous gland secrete?

Answer 28

watery (aqueous) secretions – often containing enzymes

Question 29

What is the name of the unsulfated glycosaminoglycan present in synovial fluid?

Answer 29

Hyaluronic acid

Question 30

What makes it possible for glycosaminoglycans to draw water into the extracellular matrix?

Answer 30

Glycosaminoglycans are covered in negatively charged sulfate groups

Question 31

Name two proteins present in elastic fibers?

Answer 31

Elastin and Fibrillin

Question 32

What is the name of the disease where there is a mutation in one of the proteins in elastic fibers and which protein?

Answer 32

Marfan’s syndrome, fibrillin

Question 33

Describe the path of a newly synthesized protein from a ribosome to the outside of the cell?

Answer 33

Ribosome to ER to cis face of golgi to medial golgi cisternae to tarns face of golgi to secretory vesicles which fuze with the cell membrane to allow the protein to exit via exocytosis

Question 34

If a lysosome ruptured and released digestive enzymes into the cytosol, why would these enzymes not destroy the cell?

Answer 34

The enzymes require a very low pH (specifically 3.04) to work. A low pH value is below 7.

Question 35

What type of molecule is an eicosanoid?

Answer 35

lipid

Question 36

Name 3 types of cartilage?

Answer 36

Hyaline, Fibrocartilage, Elastic Cartilage