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Bio 40A > Lab Exam 3 - Joints and Synovial Joint Movements (Exercise 11) > Flashcards

Lab Exam 3 - Joints and Synovial Joint Movements (Exercise 11) Flashcards

1
Q

Define Term: Synarthoses

A

Immoveable

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2
Q

Define Term: Amphiarthroses

A

Slightly Moveable

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3
Q

Define Term: Diarthrosis

A

Freely moving (represents about 90% of joints in the body)

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4
Q

What is the name for immature cartilage cells?

A

Chondroblasts

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5
Q

What is the name for mature cartilage cells?

A

Chondrocytes

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6
Q

Note that in all three types of cartilage, the cells are alone of on groups of two or three and surrounded by a matrix made up of fibers and proteoglycans. What is the difference between the three types of cartilage?

A

The difference between the three types of cartilage is the type of fibers and relative amount of proteoglycan.

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7
Q

What are the three types of cartilage?

A

Elastic Cartilage, Fibrocartilage, and Hyaline Cartilage

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8
Q

The difference between the three types of cartilage is the type of fibers and relative amount of proteoglycan. How is Hyaline cartilage difference from Elastic and Fibrocartilage?

A

Hyaline cartilage contians type II collagen and a large amount of affrefating cartilage proteoglycan called aggrecan.

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9
Q

The difference between the three types of cartilage is the type of fibers and relative amount of proteoglycan. How is Elastic cartilage difference from Hyaline and Fibrocartilage?

A

Elastic cartilage contains type II collagen and proteoglycan, like Hyaline cartilage, but additionally contains elastic fibers

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10
Q

The difference between the three types of cartilage is the type of fibers and relative amount of proteoglycan. How is Fibrocartilage difference from Hyaline and Elastic cartilage?

A

Fibrocartilage contains less proteoglycan and type I collagen in place of type II collagen.

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11
Q

What is a synovial joint?

A

Synovial joints permit significant movement of two bones relative to each other. Freedom of movement results from the presence of a fluid-filled space between the two bones, called the synovial cavity. The synovial cavity is filled with a lubricating fluid called synovial fluid. Most joints in the body are synovial joints. Some examples include the shoulder, elbow, hip, and knee.

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12
Q

Know the following term: Articular bone

A

The two articularting at the synovial joint (though probably just any bone that articulates with another bone)

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13
Q

Know the following term: Articular capsule

A

Structure that encloses the synovial joint and synovial cavity; has two layers; the fibrous capsule and synovial membrane

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14
Q

Know the following term: Articular Cartilage

A

Hyaline cartilage covering the ends of the bones in the synovial cavity

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15
Q

Know the following term: Fibrous Capsule

A

outer dense fibrous connective tissue layer of the articular capsule that is continuous with the periosteum of the bone; also forms ligaments when fibrous bundles are parallel

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16
Q

Know the following term: synovial cavity

A

small space between the two articulating bones

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17
Q

Know the following term: Synovial fluid

A

secreted by the synovial membrane ; lubricates the articular cartilages to reduce friction

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18
Q

Know the following term: Synovial membrane

A

inner layer of the articular capsule; composed of areolar connective tissue containing elastic fibers and adipocytes

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19
Q

What are the most common major injuries to the knee due to sporting activities?

A

Meniscal tear or a tear to the anterior cruciate ligament.

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20
Q

Define Term: Gliding

A

Gliding: Nearly flat bone surfaces slide or glide over each other

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21
Q

Typical Synovial Joint and Dissection: Define 1

A
  1. Articular Bone
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22
Q

Typical Synovial Joint and Dissection: Define 2

A
  1. Synovial Fluid
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23
Q

Typical Synovial Joint and Dissection: Define 3

A
  1. Synovial Cavity
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24
Q

Typical Synovial Joint and Dissection: Define 4

A
  1. Articular Cartilage
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25
Q

Typical Synovial Joint and Dissection: Define 5

A
  1. Fibrous Capsule
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26
Q

Typical Synovial Joint and Dissection: Define 6

A
  1. Synovial Membrane
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27
Q

Typical Synovial Joint and Dissection: Define 7

A
  1. Articular Capsule
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28
Q

The Knee Joint: Define 1

A
  1. Articular Cartilage of Femur
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29
Q

The Knee Joint: Define 2

A
  1. Lateral Collateral (Fibular) Ligament
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30
Q

The Knee Joint: Define 3

A
  1. Lateral Meniscus
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31
Q

The Knee Joint: Define 4

A
  1. Posterior Cruciate Ligament
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32
Q

The Knee Joint: Define 5

A
  1. Anterior Cruciate Ligament
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33
Q

The Knee Joint: Define 6

A
  1. Medial Meniscus
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34
Q

The Knee Joint: Define 7

A
  1. Medial (Tibial) Collateral Ligament
35
Q

What is this sample?

A

Hyaline Cartilage

36
Q

Hyaline Cartilage: Define 1

A
  1. Extracellular Matrix
37
Q

Hyaline Cartilage: Define 2

38
Q

Hyaline Cartilage: Define 3

A
  1. Nucleus of Chondrocyte
39
Q

What is this sample?

A

Elastic Cartilage

40
Q

Elastic Cartilage: Define 1

41
Q

Elastic Cartilage: Define 2

A
  1. Nucleus of Chondrocyte
42
Q

Elastic Cartilage: Define 3

A
  1. Elastic fibers
43
Q

What is this sample?

A

Fibrocartilage

44
Q

Fibrocartilage: Define 1

A
  1. Collagen Fibers
45
Q

Fibrocartilage: Define 2

46
Q

Fibrocartilage: Define 3

A
  1. Chondrocytes
47
Q

Where can you find hyaline cartilage?

A
  • Ends of long bones (articular cartilage)
  • Trachea and bronchi
  • Anterior ends of ribs (costal cartilage)
  • Embryonic skeleton
48
Q

Where can you find elastic cartilage?

A
  • External Ear
  • Auditory tube
  • Epiglottis of Larynx
49
Q

Where can you find fibrocartilage?

A
  • Intervertebral discs
  • Cartilage pads in knee
  • Pubic symphysis
50
Q

Structural Classification of Joints: Define 1

A
  1. Synovial and Diarthrosis
51
Q

Structural Classification of Joints: Define 2

A
  1. Synovial and Diarthrosis
52
Q

Structural Classification of Joints: Define 3

A
  1. Cartilaginous and amphiarthrosis
53
Q

Structural Classification of Joints: Define 4

A
  1. Synovial and Diarthrosis
54
Q

Structural Classification of Joints: Define 5

A
  1. Fibrous and Amphiarthrosis
55
Q

Structural Classification of Joints: Define 6

A
  1. Fibrous and Synarthrosis
56
Q

Structural Classification of Joints: Define 7

A
  1. Cartilaginous and amphiarthrosis
57
Q

Structural Classification of Joints: Define 8

A
  1. Cartilaginous and amphiarthrosis
58
Q

Structural Classification of Joints: Define 9

A
  1. Synovial and Diarthrosis
59
Q

Structural Classification of Joints: Define 10

A
  1. Synovial and Diarthrosis
60
Q

What is this sample?

A

Adipose Tissue

61
Q

Adipose Tissue: Define 1

A
  1. Nucleus of adipocyte
62
Q

Adipose Tissue: Define 2

A
  1. Lipid storage area
63
Q

What is this sample?

A

Dense Regular Connective Tissue

64
Q

Dense Regular Connective Tissue: Define 1

A
  1. Fibroblast
65
Q

Dense Regular Connective Tissue: Define 2

A
  1. Collagen fiber bundle
66
Q

Structural Classification of Joints: Define 11

A
  1. Fibrous and Synarthrosis
67
Q

Define Term: Flexion

A

Decrease in the angle between bones of a joint; usually occurs on a sagittal plane

68
Q

Define Term: Extension

A

Extension: Increase in the angle between bones of a joint; restore to anatomical position

69
Q

Define Term: Hyperextension

A

Hyperextension: Excessive extension movement beyond normal anatomical position

70
Q

Define Term: Abduction

A

Abduction: Move appendage away from the midline

71
Q

Define Term: Adduction

A

Adduction: Move appendage toward midline

72
Q

Define Term: Circumduction

A

Circumduction: Move a distal part of an appendage in a circle

73
Q

Define Term: Rotation

A

Rotation: Turn on a pivot with a circle

74
Q

Define Term: Elevation

A

Elevation: Upward movement raising body part vertically

75
Q

Define Term: Depression

A

Depression: Downward movement lowering body part vertically

76
Q

Define Term: Protraction

A

Protraction: Move a body part forward or anterior on a horizontal plane

77
Q

Define Term: Retraction

A

Retraction: Move a body part backward or posterior

78
Q

Define Term: Supination

A

Supination: Turn palm of the hand to face forward, or, if arm is outstretched, to turn palm upward

79
Q

Define Term: Pronation

A

Pronation: Turn palm of the hand to face backward, or, if arm is outstretched, turn palm downward

80
Q

Define Term: Inversion

A

Turn the sole of the foot inward

81
Q

Define Term: Eversion

A

Eversion: Turn the sole of the foot outward

82
Q

Define Term: Dorsiflexion

A

Dorsiflexion: Point your toes upward; stand on your heels

83
Q

Define Term: Plantar Flexion

A

Plantar Flexion: Point your toes downward, raise your heels

Bio 40A (23 decks)

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