Lab exam 1 Flashcards
What organs are in the Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ)?
pancreas, right kidney, gallbladder, liver, and intestines
What organs are in the Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ)?
left portion of the liver, the larger portion of the stomach, the pancreas, left kidney, spleen, portions of the transverse and descending colon, and parts of the small intestine.
What organs are in the Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ)?
contains parts of the small and large intestines, right ovary, right fallopian tube, appendix, right ureter
What organs are in the Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)?
contains parts of the small and large intestines, left ovary, left fallopian tube, left ureter.
Name the 9 regions of the abdominopelvic regions
right hypochondriac, epigastric, left hypochondriac, right lumbar, umbilical, left lumbar, right iliac, hypogastric, and left iliac.
Major component organs of the integumentary system
skin, hair, and nails; cutanious sense organs and glands
Major component organs of the skeletal system
bones, cartilage, tendons, ligaments and joints
Major component organs of the muscular system
muscles attached to the skeleton
Major component organs of the nervous system
brain, spinal cord, nerves and sensory receptors
Major component organs of the endocrine system
pituitary, thymus, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, and pineal glands; ovaries, testes, and pancreas
Major component organs of the cardiovascular system
heart and blood vessels
Major component organs of the lymphatic system
lymphatic vessels, lyph nodes, spleen, and thymus
Major component organs of the respiratory system
nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs
Major component organs of the digestive system
oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, and accessory structures including teeth, salivary glands, liver, and pancreas
Major component organs of the urinary system
kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra
Major component organs of reproductive system
Female: ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, mammary glands, and vagina
Male: testes, prostate gland, scrotum, penis, and duct system which carries sperm to the body exterior
Function of the integumentary system
-Protects deeper organs from mechanical, chemical, and bacterial injury, and from drying out.
-Excretes salts and urea.
-Aids in regulation of body temperature.
-Produces vitamin D.
Function of the skeletal system
-Body support and protection of internal organs
-provides levers for muscular action
-Cavities provide a site for blood cell formation.
-Bones store minerals.
Function of the muscular system
-Primary function is to contract or shorten; in doing so, skeletal muscles allow locomotion (running, walking, ect.), grasping and manipulation of the environment, and facial expression
-generates heat
Function of the nervous system
-Allows body to detect changes in its internal and external environment and to respond to such information by activating appropriate muscles or glands.
-Helps maintain homeostasis of the body via rapid transmission of electrical signals
Function of the endocrine system
-Helps maintain body homeostasis, promotes growth and development; produces chemical messengers called hormones that travel in the blood to exert their effect(s) on various target organs of the body
Function of the cardiovascular system
primarily a transport system that carries blood containing oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, wastes, ions, hormones, and other substances to and from the tissue cells where exchanges are made; blood is propelled through the blood vessels by the pumping action of the heart.
-antibodies and other protien molecules in the blood protect the body.
Function of the lymphatic system
-picks up fluid leaked from the blood vessels and returns it to the blood.
-cleanses blood of pathogens and other debris
-houses lymphocytes that act via the immune response to protect the body from foreign substances
Function of the respiratory system
-keeps the blood continuously supplied with oxygen while removing carbon dioxide
-contributes to the acid-base balance of the blood
Function of the digestive system
-breaks down ingested fods to smaller particles, which can be aborbed into the blood for delivery to the body cells
-undigested residue removed from the body as feces
Function of the urinary system
-rids the body of nitrogen-containing wastes including urea, uric acid, and amonia, which result from the breakdown of proteins and nucleic acids
-maintains water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance of blood
Function of the reproductive system
-Female: provides gametes called eggs; the uterus houses the developing fetus until birth; mammary glands provide nutrition for the infant
-Male: provides gametes called perm for perpetuation of the species
Name, Function and Location
Name: Simple Squamous epithelium
Function: allows materials to pass by diffusion and filtration in sites where protection is not important; secretes lubricating substances in serosae
Location: kidney glomeruli; air sacs of lungs; lining of heart, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels; lining of ventral body cavity
Name, Function and Location
Name: Simple cuboidal epithelium
Function: Secretion and absorption
Location: kidney tubules; ducts and secretory portions of small glands; ovary surface
Name, Function and Location
Name: Simple Columnar Epithelium
Function: Absorption; secretion of mucus, enzymes, and other substances; ciliated type propels mucus (or reproductive cells) by ciliary action
Location: Nonciliated type lines most of the digestive tract (stomach to rectum), gallbladder, and excretory ducts of some glands; ciliated variety lines small bronchi uterine tubes, and some regions of the uterus
Name, Function and Location
Name: Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Function: Secretes substances, particularly mucus; propulsion of mucus by ciliary action
Location: Nonciliated type in male’s sperm-carrying ducts and ducts of large glands; ciliated variety lines the trachea, most of the upper respiratory tract
Name, Function and Location
Name: Stratified Squamous Epithelium
Function: protects underlying tissues in areas subjected to abrasion
Location: nonkeratinized type forms the moist linings of the esophagus, mouth, and vagina; keratinized variety forms the epidermis of the skin, a dry membrane
Name, Function and Location
Name: Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium
Function: Protection
Location: Largest ducts of sweat glands, mammary glands, and salivary glands
Name, Function and Location
Name:Stratified Columnar Epithelium
Function: Protection; secretion
Location: Rare in the body; small amounts in male urethra and in large ducts of some glands
Name, Function and Location
Name: Transitional Epithelium
Function: Stretches readily and permits distension of urinary organ by contained urine
Location: Lines the ureters, urinary bladder, and part of the urethra
Name, Function and Location
Name: Areolar Connective Tissue
Function: Wraps and cushions organs; its macrophages phagocytize bacteria; plays important role in inflammation; holds and conveys tissue fluid
Location; widely distributed under epithelia of body, e.g., forms lamina propria of mucous membranes; packages organs; surrounds capillaries
Name, Function and Location
Name: Adipose Connective tissue
Function: Provides reserve fuel; insulates against heat loss; supports and protects organs
Location:Under skin; around kidneys and eyeballs; within abdomen; in breasts
Name, Function and Location
Name:Reticular Connective Tissue
Function: Fibers form a soft internal skeleton (stroma) that supports other cell types, including white blood cells, mast cells, and macrophages
Location: Lymphoid organs (lymph nodes, bone marrow, and spleen)
Name, Function and Location
Name: Dense Regular Connective Tissue
Function: Attaches muscles to bones or to other muscles; attached bones to bones; withstands great tensile stress when pulling force is applied in one direction
Location: tendons, most ligaments, aponeuroses
Name, Function and Location
Name: Dense Irregular Connective Tissue
Function: Able to withstand tension exerted in many directions; provides structural strength.
Location: Fibrous capsules of organs and of joints; dermis of the skin; submucosa of digestive tract
Name, Function and Location
Name: Hyaline Cartilage
Function: Supports and reinforces; serves as resilient cushion; resists compressive stress
Location: forms most of the embryonic skeleton; covers the ends of long bones in oint cavities; forms costal cartilages of the ribs; cartilages of the nose, trachea and larynx
Name, Function and Location
Name:Elastic Cartilage
Function: Maintains the shape of a structure while allowing great flexibility
Location: supports the external ear (auricle); epiglottis
Name, Function and Location
Name: Fibrocartilage
Function: tensile strength with the ability to absorb compressive shock
Location: Intervertebral discs; pubic symphysis; discs of knee joint
Name, Function and Location
Name: Bone (osseous tissue) Function: Bone supports and protects (by enclosing); provides levers for the muscles to act on; stores calcium and other minerals and fat; marrow inside bone is the site for blood cell formation (hematopoiesis)
Location: bones
Name, Function and Location
Name: Blood
Function: Transport of respiratory gases, nutrients, wastes, and other substances
Location: contained within blood vessels
Name, Function and Location
Name: Nervous tissue
Function: Neurons transmit electrical signals from sensory receptors and to effectors (muscles and glands); supporting cells support and protect neurons
Location: Brain, spinal cord, and nerves
Name, Function and Location
Name: Skeletal Muscle
Function:Voluntary movement; locomotion; manipulation of the environment; facial expression; voluntary control
Location: In skeletal muscles attached to bones or occasionally to skin
Name, Function and Location
Name: Cardia Muscle
Function: As it contracts, cardiac muscle propels blood into the circulation; involuntary control
Location: the walls of the heart
Name, Function and Location
Name: Smooth Muscle
Function: propels substances (foodstuffs, urine) or a baby along internal passageways; involuntary control
Location: Mostly in the walls of hollow organs
