2 Lab 1 Flashcards
Cervical Plexus
C1-C5
Brachial plexus
C5-T1 (also need to know trunks and cords)
Lumbar Plexus
T12-L4
Sacral Plexus
L4-S4
Lesser occipital nerve (Distribution)
Skin of the neck and the scalp posterior and superior to the ear
Phrenic nerve (Distribution)
Diaphragm
Supraclavicular nerves (Distribution)
Skin of the neck and shoulder
Pectoral nerves (medial and lateral)
Pectoralis muscles
Greater auricular nerve (Distribution)
Skin over the posterior aspect of the ear and neck
Axillary nerve (Distribution)
Deltoid and teres minor
Median nerve (Distribution)
Flexor muscles on the forearm; pronator quadratus and pronator teres; digital flexors; sensory from skin over the anterolateral surface of hand
Ulnar nerve (Distribution)
Flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor digitorum profundus, adductor pollicis, and small digital muscles by the deep branch; sensory from skin over medial surface of the hand through the superficial branch.
Musculocutaneous nerve (Distribution)
Flexor muscles on the arm; sensory from skin over the lateral surface of the forearm through the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve.
Radial nerve (Distribution)
Extensor muscles of arm and forearm (triceps brachii, anconeus, extensor carpi radialis, extensor carpi ulnaris, brachioradialis); sensory from skin over posterolateral surface of limb and radial half of hand.
Pectoral nerves (medial and lateral) (distribution)
Pectoralis muscles
Thoracic nerves (Distribution)
T1-T12, not part of a plexus, trunk skin and muscles
Iliohypogastric nerve (Distribution)
External and internal oblique and transverse abdominis; skin over the inferior abdomen and buttocks
Genitofemoral nerve (Distribution)
Skin over anteromedial thigh and portions of external genitalia
Lateral femoral cutaneous (Distribution)
Skin over anterior, lateral, and posterior thigh
Femoral nerve (Distribution)
Quadriceps femoris, Sartorius, pectineous, and iliopsoas; skin of the anteromedial thigh, and medial surface of the leg and foot.
Saphenous nerve (Distribution)
Skin of medial leg and foot; hip and knee joints
Gluteal nerves: (Distribution)
Superior: gluteus minimus, gluteus medius, and tensor fasciae latae
Inferior: gluteus maximus
Sciatic nerve (Distribution)
Semimembranosus, semitendinosus, and adductor magnus; branches into tibial and fibular nerves
Tibial nerve (Distribution)
Skin of posterior surface of leg and sole of foot; motor branches to muscle of the back of thigh, leg and foot.
Characteristic: Origin in the CNS ( contains the preganglionic cell body)
Parasympathetic & Sympathetic
Parasympathetic - Brain stem nuclei of cranial nerves III (oculomoter), VII (facial), and X (vagus); spinal cord segments S2 through S4
Sympathetic - Lateral horns of the gray matter of the spinal cord T1 through L2
Characteristic: Location of ganglia (contains the postganglionic cell body)
Parasympathetic & Sympathetic
Parasympathetic - Located close to the target organ (terminal ganglia) or within the wall of the target organ) (intramural ganglia)
Sympathetic - Located close to the CNS: alongside the vertebral column (sympathetic trunk ganglia) or anterior to the vertebral column (collateral ganglia)
Characteristic: Axon lengths
Parasympathetic & Sympathetic
Parasympathetic - Long preganglionic axon and Short postganglionic axons
Sympathetic - short preganglionic axons and long postganglionic axons
Characteristic: White and gray rami communicantes
Parasympathetic & Sympathetic
Parasympathetic - None
Sympathetic - each white ramus communicans contains myelinated preganglionic axons. Each gray ramus communicans contains non myelinated postganglionic axons.
Characteristic: Degree of branching of preganglionic axons
Parasympathetic & Sympathetic
Parasympathetic - Minimal
Sympathetic - Extensive
Characteristic: Functional role
Parasympathetic & Sympathetic
Parasympathetic - Preforms maintenance functions; conserves and stores energy; rest-and digest response
Sympathetic - Prepares the body for emergency situations and vigorous physical activity; fight-or-flight response
Characteristic: Neurotrasmitters
Parasympathetic & Sympathetic
Parasympathetic - Preganglionic axons release acetylcholine (cholinergic fibers). Postganglionic axons release acetylcholine.
Sympathetic - Preganglionic axons release acetylcholine. most postganglionic axons release norepinephrine (adrenergic fibers); postganglionic axons serving sweat glands and the blood vessels of skeletal muscle release acetylcholine; neurotransmitter activity is supplemented by the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine by the adrenal medulla.
Characteristic: Effects of the division
Parasympathetic & Sympathetic
Parasympathetic - more specific and local.
Sympathetic - more general and widespread.
Components of a Reflex Arc
- Receptor
- Sensory neuron
- Integration Center
- Motor neuron
- Effector
Exteroceptors
are sensitive to stimuli in the external enviroment, and typically they are found close to the body surface. Include the simple cutaneous receptors in the skin and the highly specialized receptors of the special senses.
Interoceptors
visceroceptors, respond to stimuli arising within the body. Interoceptors are found in the internal visceral organs and include stretch receptors (in walls of hallow organs), chemoreceptors, and others.
proprioceptors
like interoceptors, respond to internal stimuli but are restricted to skeletal muscles, tendons, joints, ligaments, and connective tissue coverings of bones and muscles. They provide information about body movements and position by monitoring the amount of stretch of those structures.
