Lab - Dogfish Shark Viscera Flashcards
The wall of each body cavity is covered in ______. The shiny covering on the organs is the ______.
Serosa.
Visceral peritoneum
A _____ is a double-thickness of serosa consisting of connective tissue and mesothelium.
Mesentery
Short or narrow mesenteries are called_____
Ligaments
The pericardial and pleuroperitoneal cavities contact each other at a membrane known as the _____
Transverse septum
Name the structures labelled in this diagram and describe the function of the organs and the precise position of the mesenteries
- Falciform ligament - Between ventral body wall and liver
- Oviduct
- Ostium tubae
- Left lobe of liver - Liver takes up most of the body, and is used to detoxify blood and store sugars
- Median lobe of liver - On the back of this is the thin gall bladder that stores the greenish bile of the liver
- Stomach - The part that sharply curves to the right is the body and the rest is the pylorus
- Pylorus - A ring of muscle called the pyloric sphincter occurs between this and the intestine
- Dorsal lobe of pancreas - Pancreas secretes insulin and glucose into the blood and digestive enzymes into the intestine; a thin band called the isthmus connects the two pancreatic lobes
- Mesotubarium
- Greater omentum - Passes from mid-dorsal body wall to esophagus and stomach
- (Mature) Uterus
- Gastrosplenic ligament - Between spleen and stomach
- Spleen - Functions in production, degradation and storage of blood cells
- Digitiform gland - Eliminates escess salt from body
- Mesocolon - Suspends digitiform gland and colon
- Oviduct
- Colon - Termination of the intestine; empties into cloaca
- Valvular intestine -
- Mesentery proper - Between intestines and greater omentum
- Ventral lobe of pancreas
- Right lobe of liver
- Hepatoduodenal ligament - Carries bile duct and extends from liver to intestine
- Hepatogastric ligament - Between liver and stomach
- Bile duct - bile comes from the gall bladder to the intestine through here
Name the structures labelled in the picture. Describe their functions
A - left lobe of liver (used to detoxify blood and store sugars)
B - Stomach (stores food and begins digestion)
C - Pylorus (part of stomach)
D - Spleen (Functions in production, degradation and storage of blood cells)
E - Digitiform gland (Eliminates escess salt from body)
F and G are parts of the pancreas, which secretes insulin and glucose into the blood and digestive enzymes into the intestine
The cranial surface of the liver is attached to the transverse septum by the _______ ligament
Coronary
A _______ supports each testis and a _____ supports each ovary. The oviduct of a mature female is suspended by ______
Mesorchium, mesovarium, mesotubarium
Describe, in detail, the esophagus and stomach
Esophagus and stomach have no defined line between them. The esophagus is filled with tiny papillae. The stomach is lined with folds called rugae. The surface of the stomach that the greater omentum attaches to is the greater curvature. The opposite side is the lesser curvature.
Describe the spiral valve of the intestine
The spiral valve is like a spiral staircase, greatly increasing surface area of the intestine
What are the structures labelled in this picture? Describe them
A - Rugae of the stomach fold inwards to allow the stomach to expand a lot when filled with food
B - Spiral valve of intestine: The spiral valve is like a spiral staircase, greatly increasing surface area of the intestine and slowing down the passage of food (allowing for a longer and more thorough digestion)
Name the cavities labelled A and B. What are those cavities lined with? Name the structures labelled at C, D and E
A - Oral cavity
B - Pharynx
C - Esophageal papillae
D - Spiracle
E - Gill rakers
Briefly describe the branchial pouch
Each branchial pouch contains lamellae. Primary lamellae are arranged like the spokes of a wheel, whereas secondary lamellae run at right angles to the primary lamellae and are the sites of gas echange. They are composed of a capillary covered in a thin epithelial layer. The small chamber at the end of the gill pouch where there are no lamellae is called the parabranchial chamber
Distinguish between holobranchs and hemibranchs
Holobranchs - Have gill lamellae on cranial and caudal surfaces
Hemibranchs - Have gill lamellae on only one surface
The tiny hemibranch on the spiracular valve is called the ______
Pesudobranch
Distinguish between holonephros, pronephros, mesonephros, opistonephros, and metenephros
Holonephros - Hypothetical primitive vertebrate kidney extending entire length of coelom
Pronephros - Drained by archinephric duct
Mesonephros - Develops in the middle of the ridge of nephric tissue. Usually develops connection with gonads.
Opistonephros - Adult kidney in fish and amphibians. Drained by archinephric duct and addition posterior accessory duct
Metenephros - Modern kidney we have
In females, the kidney is drained via the ______. In males, the urine in transported by a ______________ .
Archinephric duct, accessory urinary duct
Most aquatic organisms excrete ______. Most terrestrial organisms, in contrast, excrete _____. As well, birds and reptiles excrete _____. What is the reason for these differences?
Ammonia, Urea, uric acid.
Ammonia requires a lot of a water in order to dissolve (it is highly toxic), so terrestrial organisms would be losing too much water if they excreted that. birds and reptiles excrete uric acid which requires even less water than urea and gets rid of four nitrogen atoms
Name the structures in this diagram. What mesentery attaches A to the body wall? What is the name of the mesentery attaching the ovary to the body wall?
A - Oviduct
B - Opisthonephros
C - Uterus
Oviduct is attached to wall via Mesotubarium
Ovary attached to wall via mesovarium
The oviducts fuse with the falciform ligament to create one funnel-shaped tube called the _______. Explain the role of this structure in fertilization
Ostium tubae.
Opens up and recieves a fertilized ova (egg) so it can be sent down the oviduct to the uterus
Describe the nidamental gland.
The nidamental gland is a swelling in the oviduct just before the ovary. Sperm are stored here and this is where fertilization takes place. A thin shell of collagen called the candle is secreted around the fertilized eggs.
Describe the cloaca of the female dogfish shark
The urinary papilla and the oviduct enter the urogenital portion known as the urodeum. The anterior fecal portion, the coprodeum, is separated from this by a horizontal fold of tissue
Name the structures in this diagram. Describe portions of the male urogenital system that are missing
A - Archinephric duct (drains sperm)
B - Accessory urinary tract (drains the opisthonephros)
C - Clasper (and syphon sac)
The middle third of the opistonpehros is known as the Leydig’s gland.
The archinephric duct widens posteriorly to form the seminal vesicle, which in turn posteriorly forms the sperm sac, which forms the urogenital sinus.
Name the mesenteries in this picture
A - Greater omentum
B - Mesentery proper
C - Mesocolon
What is the name of this mesentery? What are the two parts and where are they located?
Lesser omentum
Hepatogastric ligament runs from stomach to liver. Hepatoduodenal ligament runs from liver to intestine
WHAT IS THIS?
Falciform ligament
