Cat External And Skeletal Flashcards
What is the rhinarium?
Moist, bare patch of skin on the nose of the cat
Give the Latin names for the following strictures: Upper arm, forearm, hand, thigh, lower leg, and foot
Brachium, antebrachium, manus, femur, crus, pes
The third eyelid of the cat is called the ______
Nictitating membrane
A prominent external ear flap called the _____ forms the external ear
Auricle
What is the scientific name for nipples?
Papillae mammae
The area including the anus and external genitalia is both sexes is called the ______. The second opening on the female, aside from the anus, is called the ______.
Perineum. Urogenital sinus
What are the primary changes in the mammalian skull?
Bones of the skull are thicker and more robust and many have fused. The main reason for these changes is to allow for more powerful jaw muscles without one bite shattering the bone
The turbinate bones of mammals are homologous to the _______ of primitive tetrapods
Cartilaginous nasal capsule
What is different about the palate of endothermic mammals?
The palate of endothermic mammals is different because in order to maintain their temperature they need a lot of energy. In order to get a lot of energy they need to eat a lot, and they need to be able to breathe while feeding. The palate has been extended to form a secondary palate consisting of a soft palate in the back and a hard palate in the front.
How is the jaw different in mammals than it was in reptiles?
A new jaw joint is established at the dentary-squamosal union. The quadrate and articular are reduced and are involved in sound transmission as the incus and malleus.
Which two bones form the zygomatic arch?
Zygomatic (AKA jugal), and temporal
The _____ bone is present only in younger cats, and is a triangular shaped bone at the back of the top of the skull
Interparietal bone
What are the parts of the temporal bone?
Squamosal, petrosal, tympanic, and endotympanic
The mastoid process is a part of what bone?
The petrosal portion of the temporal bone
The ear drum fits over a hole called the _______
External auditory meatus
What is the dental formula for cats? Interpret
3.1.3.1/3.1.2.1 3 incisors, 1 canine, 3 premolars, and one molar on one side of the top of the mouth. 3 incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars, and one molar on one side of the bottom of the mouth
The last premolars of the upper jaw and the molar of the lower jaw are called the ______ teeth
Carnassial teeth
Name these parts of the hyoid apparatus of the cat and their visceral arch origin
A - Basihyl - Body of hyoid (visceral arch 2)
B - Ceratohyl - lesser horn (Visceral arch 2)
C - Epihyl (visceral arch 2)
D - Stylohyal (visceral arch 2)
E - Tympanohyl (visceral arch 2)
F - Thyrohyl - greater horn (Visceral arch 3)
Name these parts of the lower jaw.
What is the indentation located at E?
What is the name of the line of fusion between the two halves?
A - Coronoid process
B - condyloid process
C - Angular Process
D - Ramus
F - Body
E - Masseteric fossa
The suture line is called the mandibular symphysis
Name this bone of the skull. What bone is it a wing-like extension of?
Alisphenoid. Extension of basisphenoid.
Name these parts of the cat jaw. What is the hole located at L called?
A - Palatine
B - Presphenoid
C - Pterygoid process
D - Hamulus
E - Mandibular fossa
F - Basisphenoid
G - Tympanic bulla
H - Tympanic
I - Mastoid process
J - Pterygoid fossa
K - Choanae
L - Temporal fenestra
Name this part of the cat skull
Paracondyloid process
Name the indicated portions of the cat skull. What is the hole located at D?
A - Lacrimal
B - Ethmoid
C - Squamous portion of temporal
D - Otic capsule
Name these parts of the cat skull. What are the suture lines indicated at J, K and L? What would be present at B if this were an infant cat?
A - Occipital bone
B - Saggital crest
C - Nuchal crest
D - Parietal
E - Zygomatic arch
F - Frontal
G - Maxilla
H - Premaxilla
I - Nasal
J - Coronal suture
K - Lamboidal suture
L - Saggital suture
At B there would be a triangular interparietal bone
What is the name of this specialized vertebra? A characterizes it; What is A? What purpose does this vertebra serve?
This is the axis. It is the second cervical vertebra and it functions in the left-right motion of the head. A is the “dens” or odontoid process
Name this specilized vertebra. What is the function of this vertebra? Describe how it fits in to the parts of the spine nearby
This is the atlas, the first cervical vertebra, which functions in the up-down motion of the skull. It has two ventrally-located lateral masses that articulate with the occopital condyles of the skull. It also has a dorsal arch that articulates with the axis.
What type of vertebra is this? What is it characterized by? Name the sections indicated in the photo
Cervical vertebra. Characterized by the presence of the transverse foramen (located at D).
A - Neural spine
B - Neural canal
C - Prezygapophysis
D - Transverse foramen
E - Centrum
F - Transverse process
G - Postzygapophysis
H - Neural arch
What type of vertebra is this? A and B define this vertebra; what are these structures and what is their purpose? Name the other structures indicated in the photo
This is a typical thoracic vertebra.
A - full facet, articulates with tubercles of ribs
B - demifacet, articulates with heads of ribs
C - Neural spine
D - Prezygapophysis
E - Transverse process
F - Neural canal
G - Centrum
H - Neural arch
I - Postzygapophysis
What kind of vertebrae is this? What characterizes this type? Name the structures indicated.
This is a lumbar vertebra. They are characterized by their large size and the absence of costal facets and foramina on the transverse process. Small accessory processes (Indicated by G) on the neural arch are present, as well as mammillary processes (Indicated by C) on the cranial end.
A - Postzygapophysis
B - Neural spine
C - Mammillary process
D - Prezygapophysis
E - Centrum
F - Transverse process
G - Accessory process
What part of the spine is this? Describe its structure. What is the purpose of A?
This is the sacrum. It is comprised of three fused vertebrae and a pair of lateral bone masses. A is the articulation site for the ilum.
What kind of vertebra is this? Describe what makes it unique.
This is a caudal vertebra. It is unique because of the hemal arch (indicated by A), which are composed of hemal processes and tiny chevron bones. These collectively form the hemal canal.
What structure is this? Describe each part individually and describe how they are structured on the body
This is a rib. There are 13 ribs on each side of the body. The first nine are true ribs, joined to the sternum by costal cartilages. The remiaining four are false ribs. The costal cartilages of the 10th, 11th, and 12th ribs join the ninth, and the thirteen is a floating rib.
A- Neck
B - Tubercle (articulates with vertebrae)
C - Angle (where sharp bend occurs)
D - Body/Shaft
Name the structures indicated in this photo. Describe the structure labelled “G”
A - Hyoid apparatus
B - Atlas
C - Axis
D - Cervical vertebrae
E - Manubrium
F - Sternebrae
G - Xiphisternum, which is attached to a xiphoid cartilage
Name these parts of the dorsal and ventral scapula
Describe structure E
A- Infraspinous fossa
B - Spine
C - Metacromion
D - Glenoid fossa
E - Clavicle
F - Acromion
G - Supraspinous fossa
H - Coracoid process
The clavivle is embedded in the shoulder muscles and is connected to the acromion.
What is this bone? Name the structures indicated in this photo
This is the humerus.
A - Greater tubercle
B - Lesser tubercle
C - Pectoral ridge
D - Supracondylar foramen
E - Lateral epicondyle
F - Capitulum
G - Trochlea
H - Medial epicondyle
I - Greater tubercle
J - Head
K - Olecran fossa
L - Shaft
What is the bone on the left? What about the right?
Ulna is the large one on the left, radius is the smaller one.
A - Olechran process
B - Head
C - Neck
D - Styloid Process
E - Head
Label each of these as medial os coxa or lateral os coxa.
Name the parts indicated
A: Medial os coxa
B: Lateral os coxa
C - Body of ilum
D - Obturator foramen
E - Acetabulum
F - Body of pubis
What bone is this? Name the parts of the bone
This is the femur.
A - Greater trochanter
B - Head
C - Neck
D - Patellar surface (for kneecap attachment)
E - Greater trochanter
F - Lesser trochanter
G - Intercondyloid fossa
H - Lateral condyle
I - Medial condyle
J - Linea aspera
Which bone is indicated by A? What is B?
A - Tibia
B - Fibula
C - Medial malleolus
D - Later malleolus
E - Tibial tuberosity
F - Lateral condyle
G - Medial condyle
State whether these two bones are from the left or right side of the body
Scapula - Left
Humerus - Right
What is this bone? Is it from the left or the right?
Name ther indicated parts
This is the femur.
It is upside down, and it is from the right.
A - Head
B - Neck
C - Greater trochanter
D - Lateral epicondyle
E - Medial epicondyle
Name the parts of these two bones
K - Medial malleolus
J - Tibial tuberosity
G - Pubis
F - Ischium
H - Ilium
I - Acetabulum
Name these bones
L - Metatarsals
N - Talus
M - Calcaneous
What bone is this? Name these parts
This is the femur.
A - Lesser trochanter
B - Interdcondylar fossa
C - Lateral condyle
D - Medial condyle
