Lab - Comparative Vertebrate Integument

Question 1

The outer layer of the skin, the ______ develops from the embyronic _______

Answer 1

Epidermis, ectoderm

Question 2

At the base of the epidermis one or two cell layers form the _____

Answer 2

Stratum germinativum`

Question 3

The hardened, cornified layer at the surface of the skin in many terrestrial vertebrates is called the ______

Answer 3

Stratum corneum

Question 4

The dermis is composed of two layers, the upper layer called the ______ and the deeper, tightly packed layer called the ______

Answer 4

Stratum laxum Stratum compactum

Question 5

What organism’s skin is in this photo?

What structure is the pointer indicating and what is this structure’s purpose?

Answer 5

Lamprey integument.

The pointer is indicating a club cell, the purpose of which is not fully known.

Question 6

This is the integument of what organism?

What is the layer indicated by the pointer?

Answer 6

Lamprey integument.

Chromatophores, responsible for the dark pigmentation of the skin

Question 7

What organism is this? Name the types of cells (and list the functions) located at A and B. Name the layers indicated by C-E.

Answer 7

Dogfish shark integument.

A - Club cell: Function unknown

B - Serous cell: Secrete watery material

C - Stratum germinativum

D - Stratum Laxum

E - Stratum compactum

Question 8

What kind of scale is this?

Answer 8

Ctenoid scale

Question 9

What type of scale is seen here? What is the pointer indicating?

Answer 9

Ganoid scale.

Pointer is indicating the clear outer covering of the scale, referred to as ganoine.

Question 10

What type of organism is this? What type of structure is indicated by the pointer?

Answer 10

This is frog integument.

A mucous gland is indicated by the pointer.

Question 11

What organism is this? What is indicated by the pointer?

Answer 11

This is a frog.

A Poison gland is indicated by the pointer

Question 12

What type of scales are these?

Answer 12

Placoid scales

Question 13

What organism is this and what is indicated by the pointer?

Answer 13

Necturus.

Leydig cell.

Question 14

What organism is this? What structure is the pointer indicating?

What makes this organism’s integument different from that of the one’s before it?

Answer 14

Reptile integument.

Pointer is indicating a scale.

Reptile integument has much much fewer glandular elements and it also has the very obvious evolution of scales

Question 15

Name whether the following structures are of dermal or epidermal origin:

1. Tail of the opossum
2. Whiskers
3. Porcupine quills
4. Muskrat pelt
5. Horns of a cow
6. Antlers
7. Whale baleen
8. Claws of cats and dogs
9. Hooves
10. Armadillo skeleton
11. Teeth
12. Bird scales
13. Reptile scales
14. Turtle shell

Answer 15

1. Tail of the opossum
2. Whiskers - epidermal, type of hair
3. Porcupine quills - epidermal, type of hair
4. Muskrat pelt - epidermal, type of hair
5. Horns of a cow - “True horns”, epidermal sheat covers the frontal bone
6. Antlers - Epidermal
7. Whale baleen - Contain both dermal and epidermal elements
8. Claws of cats and dogs - epidermal “sheath”
9. Hooves - epidermal “sheath”
10. Armadillo skeleton - Dermal
11. Teeth - derived from dermal scales
12. Bird scales - epidermal
13. Reptile scales - epidermal
14. Turtle shell - dermal