Lab chapter 8: Mitosis/Meiosis Flashcards

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1
Q

A cell undergoing mitosis has twenty chromosomes. How many chromosomes will each of the daughter cells have?

A

twenty each

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2
Q

____ is often described as equational division

A

mitosis

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3
Q

_____ is often referred to as reductional division

A

meiosis

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4
Q

Counting the number of cells in interphase versus the number of cells in mitosis will allow you to

A

understand how little time a typical cell spends in completion of meiosis

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5
Q

G1 is characterized by

A

rapid growth, centriole replication. of each of the interphase sections, G1 is the longest

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6
Q

S phase is characterized by

A

chromosome replication, DNA synthesis

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7
Q

G2 is characterized by

A

growth and final preparations for cell division

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8
Q

In the absence of meiosis, fusion of an egg and a sperm would:

A

double the number of chromosomes in each cell in the offspring

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9
Q

Reductive division of the nucleus is accomplished by

A

meiosis with cytokinesis occurring simultaneously

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10
Q

Describe the formation of chromatids prior to mitosis

A

each chromosome in chromatin form duplicates, forming chromatids that are held together by a centromere

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11
Q

True or false: chromosomes are visible in interphase

A

false they haven’t condensed yet

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12
Q
A
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13
Q

During prophase, the nuclear membrane____. The chromosomes ______.

A

nuclear membrane begins to break down

chromosomes begin to coil, shorten, and become visible

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14
Q

True or False: In both plant and animal cells, centrioles migrate to opposite poles during prophase

A

False, ONLY animal cells

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15
Q

what are asters?

A

formed by centrioles at the end of the spindle. They play a role in cytokinesis but are not present in plant cells

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16
Q

When do spindle fibers form?

A

during prophase

17
Q

Why do some chromosomes have a V shaped appearance during anaphase, while others have a check mark appearance?

A

because the chromosomes are pulled toward a pole by the spindle fibers con-nected to their centromeres

A more V like structure indicates it is a centrally located centromere

18
Q

During telophase, chromosomes _____. The nucleus and nuclear membrane ____.

A

chromosomes have arrived at poles and will lengthen and decondense

nucleus is more granular, nuclear membrane reconstructed

19
Q

Compare cytokinesis in animals versus plant cells

A

animal cells: cleavage furrow forms

plant cells: can’t form cleavage due to cell wall. They form a cell plate

20
Q

The reagants in this experiment should be handled with caution because

A

they contain strong acids

21
Q

The beaker containing the onion root tips is ___mL

A

10

22
Q

The 6N (18%) hydrochloric acid should be added to the root tips and let sit for ____

A

four minutes

23
Q

The empty HCl pipet should be placed in the _____

A

liquid waste bottle

24
Q

After the 6N 18% HCl is added to the onion roots, ____ is added and let sit for four minutes. The pipet is placed into the ____ when done

A

carnoy fixative

liquid waste bottle

25
Q

The stain used in this experiment is called

A

toluidine blue stain

26
Q

The razor should be used to cut off ___mm of the onion root tip

A

1-2

27
Q

After the root tip is placed on the center of the slide and the slide is placed on a kimwipe, the student should

A

add one drop of blue toluidine and let stain for one minute

28
Q

What is the meristematic region?

A

the area where the root tip is stained more intensely than its surroundings

29
Q

Why must the pressure of the pencil erase be applied at a perpendicular angel? What is the purpose of the pressure?

A

perpendicular or the slide will break

the pressure allows the cells of the root tip to spread out in a layer that is one cell thick

30
Q

The cell cycle of the allium root tip is about

A

16 hours

31
Q

One major difference between mitotis prophase 1 and meiotic prophase 1 is

A

late in meiotic prophase 1, homologous chromosomes synapse (pair up), and then form a tetrad where recombination occurs

32
Q

TorF: The chromosomes in metaphase II are identical

A

false because they’ve already exchanged DNA in prophase I

33
Q

The new nuclei in telophase 1 have____ as many chromosomes as the mother cell

A

half

34
Q

In anaphase 1, the chromatids will move to ___ poles

A

the same poles because they haven’t split yet, the homologous chromosomes split instead

35
Q

Define reduction division

A

division resulting in daughter cells with half the chromosome number as the mother cell
meiosis moment

36
Q

What are genes

A

regions that contain the instructions for production of RNA

37
Q

What are alleles

A

variations in genes across a population

account for differences in a given species