Lab Chapter 1: Cell Bio Flashcards
TorF prokaryotic cells lack internal membranes
False, although MOST do
What is the theory of endosymbiosis?
states that the ancestors of mitochondria and chloroplasts were once free-living organisms.
Compare autotrophic cells to heterotrophic
autotrophic (producing their own nutrients by photosynthesis or chemosynthesis)
heterotrophic, obtaining their energy from preformed organic molecules
TorF, most bacteria are saprophytic
True: Most bacteria are saprophytic; they live and feed on dead organic material, thereby degrading it
order the following prokaryotic layers from outside to in towards the nucleus: plasma membrane, capsule, cell wall
Capsule, cell wall, plasma membrane
What is the function of mitochondria and chloroplasts
energy metabolism
Name the function of the rough ER
protein synthesis, along w ribosomes
Name the function of the golgi apparatus
process proteins for export or insertion into cell membrane
What are the four groups of eukaryotes?
protists, fungi, plants, animals
What are protists?
simplest group of eukaryotic organisms.
The majority of protists are unicellular. However, some form simple colonies that are more like a collection of individual unicellular organisms than a true multi-cellular organism.
Some protists may be multinuclear The protists are extremely heterogeneous and diverse.
classified as non-photosynthetic (protozoa and protists resembling fungi) and photosynthetic (algae).
Compare amoeba and paramecium
NOTE: Both eukaryotes, both protists, both protozoa
Amoeba: inhabit soils as well as fresh water and marine environments. Most are free-living. The cells are extremely flexible and the organisms move and ingest food by extending pseudopodia.
Paramecium. Paramecia are single-celled organisms that live in fresh water. They have cilia which they use for locomotion. They also have a macronucleus and one or more micronuclei. The macronucleus is involved in asexual reproduction, whereas the micronuclei are involved in conjugation (sexual reproduction). The oral groove (or cell mouth) and food vacuoles may also be seen. Food is taken in through the cell mouth. Food vacuoles bud off from the mouth and fuse with the lysosomes, which are organelles containing digestive enzymes required to metabolize the food. Paramecia also contain contractile vacuoles. Since Paramecia live in fresh water, they tend to take up water from their environment by osmosis. The contractile vacuoles expel the excess water
What are euglena?
Euglena are single-celled organisms that live in pond water. It is photosynthetic in the light but can use heterotrophic metabolism in the dark. You should be able to observe the chloroplasts, the nucleus, and the contractile vacuole. Euglena have flagella for locomotion and an eyespot, located at the base of the flagellum, which senses the direction of light and allows the organism to move in the direction of greatest illumination. As indicated above, unlike other algae, Euglena lack cell walls. Some members of the phylum lack chloroplasts and, as a consequence, are heterotrophic.
How do plant cell organelles differ from animal cells?
Chloroplasts, a cell wall, and a vacuole
