Chapter 5: Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

Question 1

Dehydration reactions are the ___ of a polymer

Answer 1

synthesis

Question 2

Hydrolysis reactions are the ____ of a polymer

Answer 2

breaking down

Question 3

How many molecules of water are needed to completely hydrolyze a polymer that is ten monomers long?

Answer 3

Nine, with one water molecule required to hydrolyze each connection between adjacent monomers

Question 4

If you eat a piece of fish, what reactions must
occur for the amino acid monomers in the protein of the fish to be converted to new proteins in your body?

Answer 4

The amino acids in the fish protein must be released in hydrolysis reactions and incorporated into other proteins in dehydration reactions.

Question 5

Monosaccharides are

Answer 5

the monomers from which more complex carbohydrates are built

Question 6

Aldoses are

Answer 6

a monosaccharide classified by the location of a carbonyl group at the end of the carbon skeleton

Question 7

Ketoses are

Answer 7

monosaccharides classified by a carbonyl group within carbon skeleton

Question 8

A disaccharide is joined by a ___linkage

Answer 8

glycosidic

Question 9

What is glycogen?

Answer 9

a polymer of glucose that animals store in liver and muscle cells. The breakdown of glycogen releases glucose when the demand for energy increases

Question 10

What is cellulose?

Answer 10

a structural polysaccharide in plants where the Glucose monomers are in beta configuration, which enzymes cannot recognize and so it is not digested. Also known as insoluble fiber

Question 11

Fats consist of ___

Answer 11

glycerol (an alcohol) attached to three carbons

Question 12

Fatty acid molecules are joined to glycerol by ___ linkages, where there is a bond between a hydroxyl and carboxyl group

Answer 12

ester

Question 13

A polymer of amino acids is called a ___

Answer 13

polypeptide

Question 14

Amino acids with non polar side chains are ____

Answer 14

hydrophobic

Question 15

Amino acids with polar side chains are ____

Answer 15

hydrophilic

Question 16

Hydrophilic amino acid side chains that are negatively charged are

Answer 16

acidic

Question 17

Hydrophilic amino acid side chains that are positively charged are ___

Answer 17

basic

Question 18

Amino acids join by ___ bonds to create polypeptides

Answer 18

peptide

Question 19

The function of a protein depends on

Answer 19

its ability to recognize and bond to some other molecule

Question 20

What is a protein’s primary structure?

Answer 20

its sequence of amino acids

Question 21

Each amino acid has a carboxyl group and an amino group. Are these groups present in a polypeptide?

Answer 21

During formation of a polypeptide by polymerization of amino
acids, the amino group of one amino acid reacts with the carboxyl group of the
next, forming a peptide bond. Therefore, in a polypeptide, there is only one
amino group on the N-terminus and one carboxyl group on the C-terminus,
along with any carboxyl groups or amino groups located in the amino acid side
chains (R groups)

Question 22

What is pyrimidine?

Answer 22

One ring: cytosine, thymine,uracil

Question 23

What is a purine?

Answer 23

larger six-membered ring fused to five-membered ring, Adenine and guanine

Question 24

Adenine and thymine form __ h bonds

Answer 24

2

Question 25

cytosine and guanine form ___ h bonds

Answer 25

3