lab 9

Question 1

what bones are in the axial skeleton?

Answer 1

has 80 bones. has bones that form the long axis of bone, skull, auditory ossicles, hyoid bone, sternum, ribs, and vertebral column

Question 2

what bones are in the appendicular skeleton?

Answer 2

has 126 bones. consists of bones of the upper and lower limbs, pectoral girdle and pelvic girdle

Question 3

what are long bones? short bones?

Answer 3

long- longer than wide, mostly limb bones like femur or radius, as well as phalanges.
short-wider than long, round or cube like, found in wrist and ankle, and contain mainly spongy bone.

Question 4

what are irregular bones?

Answer 4

vary in shape, protects internal organs, found in vertebral column and face bones

Question 5

what are flat bones?

Answer 5

found in skull and ribs

Question 6

what are sesamoid bones?

Answer 6

small bone embedded in muscle, tendon, or joint surface. found in hands, feet and knees.

Question 7

what is a process? tuberosity? tubercle?

Answer 7

pro- outgrowth or projection of long bone
tuberosity- rounded prominence where musc can attach
tubercle- small rounded part of bone

Question 8

what is the function of fontanels?

Answer 8

aka soft spots, fontanels are fibrous CT formed at birth that exists between cranial bones.
allows for flexibility of skull and growth of brain and skull during first year of life

Question 9

what is the scapula? how do you know if its L or R and post and anterior?

Answer 9

shoulder blade, located posterior to thoracic cage.
the side that it leans towards is the side it is for, leaning right means its right scpula
smooth surface is anterior.

Question 10

what is the humerus? how do you know if its L or R and post and anterior?

Answer 10

largest upper body bone, extends from shoulder to elbow, aka upper arm bone.
glenoid fossa or rounded head at proximal end points towards direction it attaches to at lateral surface of scapula.
anterior you see copitulum and trochlea, posterior you see olecranon fossa at inferior end (looks like a hole)

Question 11

what is the ulna? how do you know if its L or R and post and anterior?

Answer 11

pinky side (medial) forearm.
has a groove on the side that the radius will attach to and the smooth side should be facing outwards. (you know if its L or R because it is always medial and the groove will show you).
ant- has a c shape at proximal end

Question 12

what is the os coxa? how do you know if its L or R and post and anterior?

Answer 12

made of 3 bones fused together (ilium(looks like mohawk and is superior), ischium(inferior), and pubis).
the acetabulum (circle in middle) must be lateral to accept the femur.
ishium must be to the back and pubis to the front

Question 13

what is the femur? how do you know if its L or R and post and anterior?

Answer 13

upper leg, longest bone in body, goes from hip to knee.
head should always be medial and pointed towards where it will enter.
intercondyle fossa (half circle at dital end) means its posterior

Question 14

what is the tibia? how do you know if its L or R and post and anterior?

Answer 14

lower leg, always medial.
medial malleolus (largest point at inferior end) is always medial.
tibial tuberosity (projection) is anterior and flat end is posterior.

Question 15

what is a condyle? epicondyle?

Answer 15

con- round projection at edge of bone that supports cartilage
epi- small point on condyle of long bone, attachment site

Question 16

what is a foramen? fossa? meatus?

Answer 16

for- opening at allows the passage of structures
fos- shallow depression on bone surface
met- body opening or canal

Question 17

what is the head of bone? crest?

Answer 17

head-rounded prominent of bone forming part of joint
crest- raised prominent part of the edge of bone where musc can attach

Question 18

what ia tronchaanter? facet?

Answer 18

tro- rough prominence, allows musc to attach
fac- smooth and flat surface that forms a joint w another facet this makes a gliding joint

Question 19

what is the order of the vertebral column?

Answer 19

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, and coccyx

Question 20

what are cervical vertebrae

Answer 20

there are 7 (c1-c7).
axial (c2) and atlas (c1) are diff shapedthat allows to head and neck movement
axis has odontoid process which is inferior and toothshaped

Question 21

what are thoracic vertebrae

Answer 21

there are 12( t1- t12).
has heart shaped body and long spinous process pointing inferiorly and has facets for ribs.

Question 22

what are lumbra vertebrae

Answer 22

there are 5 (l1-l5).
good for weight bearing. has large body and short spinous process

Question 23

what are sacrum vertebrae

Answer 23

consists of 5 fused sacral verebrae.
provide pelvic support.

Question 24

what are coccyx vertebrae

Answer 24

consists of 3-5 fused vertebrae that form the tail bone.
in females tailbone point inferior and males anteriorly.

Question 25

what are true, false, and floating ribs?

Answer 25

tru- rib directly attached to breast bone/sternum (first 7 pairs).
fal- not joined by sternum but by 7th rib. (8-10th ribs).
flo- doesnt attach to anything. (11 and 12th pair).

Question 26

how many carpals, metacarpals & hand phalanges there are?

Answer 26

car- 8
met- 5
ph-14 in each hand, each finger has 3 but thumb has 2.

Question 27

how many tarsals, metatarsals & feet phalanges there are?

Answer 27

tar- 7
met- 5
ph- all toes have 3 other than big toe which has 2

Question 28

how do you sex the pelvis?

Answer 28

female- shallow and wide, light and thin, broad, oval, and acetabula is small and far apart.
male- deep and narrow, heavy and thick, acute, heart shaped, and acetabula is large and close together.

Question 29

what is a true and false pelvis?

Answer 29

tru- in pelvic cav, contains bladder, colon, and reproductive organs
fal- in abdominal cav anteriorly and superiorly that contains most of small bowel and part of the colon